Working with Diversity Assignment

Working with Diversity Assignment

Working with Diversity Assignment

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COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONSHIPS-BUILDING COMPETENCIES INCLUDE: ● Effective communication ● Relationship management ● Influence of behaviors ● Ability to work with diversity ● Shared decision making ● Community involvement ● Medical staff relationships ● Academic relationships

KNOWLEDGE OF THE HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT INCLUDES: ● Clinical practice knowledge ● Patient care delivery models and work design knowledge ● Health care economics knowledge ● Health care policy knowledge ● Understanding of governance ● Understanding of evidence-based practice ● Outcome measurement ● Knowledge of and dedication to patient safety ● Understanding of utilization/case management ● Knowledge of quality improvement and metrics ● Knowledge of risk management

LEADERSHIP SKILLS INCLUDE: ● Foundational thinking skills ● Personal journey disciplines ● The ability to use systems thinking ● Succession planning ● Change management

PROFESSIONALISM INCLUDES: ● Personal and professional accountability ● Career planning ● Ethics ● Evidence-based clinical and management practice ● Advocacy for the clinical enterprise and for nursing practice ● Active membership in professional organizations

BUSINESS SKILLS INCLUDE: ● Understanding of health care financing ● Human resource management and development ● Strategic management ● Marketing ● Information management and technology

Copyright © 2005 by the American Organization of Nurse Executives. Address reprint permission requests to [email protected].

Traditional Management Functions In 1916, French industrialist Henri Fayol first described the functions of management as planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. These are still relevant today, however, the complexity of today’s health care systems make these functions more difficult and less certain (Clancy, 2008).

46 PART 1 • UNDERSTANDING NURSING MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS

Planning Planning is a four-stage process to:

● Establish objectives (goals) ● Evaluate the present situation and predict future trends and events ● Formulate a planning statement (means) ● Convert the plan into an action statement

Planning is important on both an organizational and a personal level and may be an in- dividual or group process that addresses the questions of what, why, where, when, how, and by whom. Decision making and problem solving are inherent in planning. Numerous computer software programs and databases are available to help facilitate planning.

Organization-level plans, such as determining organizational structure and staffing or operational budgets, evolve from the mission, philosophy, and goals of the organization. The nurse manager plans and develops specific goals and objectives for her or his area of responsibility.

Antonio, the nurse manager of a home care agency, plans to establish an in-home photo- therapy program, knowing that part of the agency’s mission is to meet the health care needs of the child-rearing family. To effectively implement this program, he would need to address:

• How the program supports the organization’s mission

• Why the service would benefit the community and the organization

• Who would be candidates for the program

• Who would provide the service

• How staffing would be accomplished

• How charges would be generated

• What those charges should be

Planning can be contingent or strategic. Using contingency planning, the manager identifies and manages the many problems that interfere with getting work done. Contingency planning may be re- active, in response to a crisis, or proactive, in anticipation of problems or in response to opportunities.

What would you do if two registered nurses called in sick for the 12-hour night shift? What if you were a manager for a specialty unit and received a call for an admission, but had no more beds? Or what if you were a pediatric oncology clinic manager and a patient’s sibling exposed a number of immunocompromised patients to chickenpox? Planning for crises such as these are examples of contingency planning.

Strategic planning refers to the process of continual assessment, planning, and evaluation to guide the future (Fairholm & Card, 2009). Its purpose is to create an image of the desired future and design ways to make those plans a reality. A nurse manager might be charged, for example, with developing a business plan to add a time-saving device to commonly used equipment, pre- senting the plan persuasively, and developing operational plans for implementation, such as ac- quiring devices and training staff.

Organizing Organizing is the process of coordinating the work to be done. Formally, it involves identifying the work of the organization, dividing the labor, developing the chain of command, and assign- ing authority. It is an ongoing process that systematically reviews the use of human and material resources. In health care, the mission, formal organizational structure, delivery systems, job de- scriptions, skill mix, and staffing patterns form the basis for the organization.

In organizing the home phototherapy project, Antonio develops job descriptions and pro- tocols, determines how many positions are required, selects a vendor, and orders supplies.

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