Assignment: Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Assignment: Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Social skills training, cognitive therapy, stress management training, mindfulness, and acceptance-based practices all represent the cognitive behavioral tradition

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (2)

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Behavior Therapy (slide 1 of 3)

A set of clinical procedures relying on experimental findings of psychological research

Based on principles of learning that are systematically applied

Focus is on the client’s current problems and on assessing behavior through observation or self-monitoring

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (3)

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Behavior Therapy (slide 2 of 3)

Largely action-oriented and educational – therapist teaches clients skills of self-management

Behavior is something that can be operationally defined; it includes overt actions as well as internal processes

Change can take place without insight into underlying dynamics and the origins of a psychological problem

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Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (4)

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Behavior Therapy (slide 3 of 3)

Behaviorists ask: “What treatment, by whom, is the most effective for this individual with that specific problem and under which set of circumstances?”

The general goals of behavior therapy are to increase personal choice and to create new conditions for learning

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (5)

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Functional Assessment of Behavior

A-B-C model

Antecedent(s)

Behavior(s)

Consequence(s)

BehaBvior

Consequence

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (6)

A

B

C

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Operant Conditioning

Positive and negative reinforcement

Goal: to increase target behavior

Extinction

Goal: to decrease or eliminate a behavior by withholding reinforcement from a previously reinforced response

Positive and negative punishment

Goal: to decrease target behavior

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (7)

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Progressive Muscle Relaxation

Progressive muscle relaxation is a popular method of teaching people to cope with the stresses produced by daily living

Relaxation becomes a well-learned response, which can become a habitual pattern if practiced daily

Relaxation procedures have been applied to a variety of clinical problems ranging from chronic pain to panic disorder

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (8)

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Systematic Desensitization

Based on classical conditioning, SD was developed by Joseph Wolpe

SD is effective in reducing maladaptive anxiety and treating anxiety-related disorders, particularly specific phobias

SD entails relaxation training, development of a graduated anxiety hierarchy, and presentation of hierarchy items while client is deeply relaxed

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (9)

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Exposure Therapies (slide 1 of 2)

In Vivo Desensitization

Involves client exposure to the actual anxiety-evoking events rather than simply imagining these situations

Flooding

In vivo or imaginal exposure to anxiety-evoking stimuli for a prolonged period of time without the feared consequences

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (10)

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Exposure Therapies (slide 2 of 2)

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

An exposure-based therapy

Involves imaginal flooding, cognitive restructuring, and the use of rhythmic eye movements and other bilateral stimulation to treat traumatic stress disorders

Extensive research has validated EMDR

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (11)

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Social Skills Training

Helps clients develop and achieve skills in interpersonal competence

May involve behavioral procedures (e.g., psychoeducation, modeling, behavior rehearsal, and feedback)

If clients can correct their problematic behaviors in practice situations, they can then apply these new skills in daily life

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (12)

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Self-Management Programs

In S-M programs people make decisions concerning specific behaviors they want to control or change

The process includes selecting goals, translating goals into target behaviors, self-monitoring, working out a plan for change, and evaluating an action plan

S-M strategies have been successfully applied to many populations and problems

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy – Chapter 9 (13)

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Multimodal Therapy

A comprehensive, systematic, holistic approach to behavior therapy developed by Arnold Lazarus

Grounded in social-cognitive theory

Applies diverse behavioral techniques to a wide range of problems; it encourages technical eclecticism

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