NR 507 Week 2: Discussion Part two

What is the etiology of bronchitis?

Bronchitis occurs when there is inflammation and hypersensitivity of the bronchi, the large tubes that bring air to the lungs (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2013). There are two kinds of bronchitis: acute (precipitous onset) and chronic (long-term). Acute bronchitis is most prevalent as a result of viruses and is normally self-limiting (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2013).  An estimated 95 percent of acute bronchitis in healthful adults is resultant to viruses. At times acute bronchitis can be caused by antigens, irritants, and bacteria (Kinkade & Long, 2016).  Irritants encompass smoke inhalation, contaminated air inhalation, dust among others (Kinkade & Long, 2016).  Acute bronchitis is a clinical diagnosis represented by a perceptive cough, with or without phlegm production and manifestations of lower respiratory tract infection in the nonappearance of recurrent lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or a recognizable cause, like pneumonia or sinusitis. Acute bronchitis often precipitated by a virus infection (Kinkade & Long, 2016). The most frequently diagnosed viruses are rhinovirus, enterovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza, coronavirus, human matapneumovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (Kinkade & Long, 2016).  Bacteria are identified in one percent to ten percent of incidents of acute bronchitis. Anomalous bacteria, like Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertusis are uncommon sources of acute bronchitis (Kinkade & Long, 2016). Relatively 10 percent of patients present with a cough lasting at a minimum of two week, have substantiation of B. pertusis infection (Kinkade & Long, 2016).

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Chronic Bronchitis (CB) is a kind of chronic obstructive disease (COPD) represented by swelling of the bronchi and extreme mucus generation in the trachea ad bronchi (Kinkade & Long, 2016). Diagnosis necessitates that a chronic productive cough be existing for greater than three months in every of two successive consecutive years (Kinkade & Long, 2016).  CB is as a result of chronic cyclical or incessant airway irritation by cigarette smoke, air pollution, or infection (Kinkade & Long, 2016). Correlated histological changes compromise of brochial submucosal hyperplasia, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and chronic inflammation (Kinkade & Long, 2016).

What is the etiology of bronchitis?

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