Health Care Reform
Chapter 35 Public Health Nursing: Pioneers of Healthcare Reform
History of Public Health Nursing
Early healthcare reform
Mary D. Osborne
Commonwealth Fund
Hospital and Reconstruction Act of 1946
Social Security Act of 1935
The later years
Social and political unrest
Budget cuts
Public Health Nursing Philosophy
Community strengths, needs, and expectations
Scientific knowledge
Available resources
Accepted criteria and standards of nursing practice
Agency purpose, philosophy, and objectives
Participation, cooperation, and understanding of the population
Institute of Medicine Study
Government’s role in ensuring the public’s health
Assessment
Policy development
Assurance
Conceptual Basis for Public Health Nursing Practice
Conceptual model
Milbank Report
Construct for Public Health Nursing: A Framework for the Future
Education
Engineering
Enforcement
Essential Public Health Services
Monitor the health status of populations.
Diagnose and investigate community health problems and health hazards.
Inform, educate, and empower the people about health issues.
Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
Essential Public Health Services (cont.)
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
Link people to needed personal health services.
Ensure people receive needed personal health services.
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services.
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
Challenges and Issues for Public Health Nursing in the 21st Century
Impact of the nursing shortage on public health nursing
Further development of public health nursing models and competencies
National public health performances standards
Other challenges for public health nursing
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