Discussion: Population Means and Proportions

Discussion: Population Means and Proportions

Module 4 – Drawing Inferences about Population Means and Proportions! Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to satisfy the following outcomes:

· Case

· Discuss the procedure for hypothesis testing.

· SLP

· Define the possibility for measurement error and describe how possibility for measurement error can apply to data collection.

· Discussion

· Identify the types of variables needed in Chi square, one-sample t-test and paired t-test.

Module Overview

Now that we’ve covered the logic upon which statistical hypothesis testing is based, we can apply that logic to drawing inference in comparing groups.

The t-test is used to assess whether the means of two groups are statistically different from one other. When examining the differences between scores of two groups, we judge the difference between their means relative to the spread or variability of their scores (Trochim, 2006). The t-test is calculated as a ratio; the numerator is the difference between the two means, and the denominator is the variability of groups.

In the health sciences, the t-test can be used to compare the effectiveness of a drug versus a placebo, or in a case control study (Norman & Streiner, 2008).

The t-test is based on assumption about the normality of the distribution. As such, it is called a parametric test. By contrast, a non-parametric test is one in which there is no assumption made about the nature of the distribution (Norman & Streiner, 2008).

Chi Square statistic is non-parametric test used to measure of the difference between observed and expected counts.

To compute the chi square statistic, we first calculate the difference between observed and expected counts. Then square the differences from step one. Divide each of the squared difference by the corresponding expected value. Finally, we calculate a sum of all the values in step three to get the chi-square statistic. We end up with a sense of the difference between observed and expected values.

Please respond to the following question utilizing the required and recommended module readings:

· Identify the types of variables you would need to conduct:

· a Chi-square (for students whose last name begins with A-H)

· one-sample t-test (for students whose last name begins with I-P)

· paired t-test (for students whose last name begins with Q-Z)

· Be sure to explain the number of dependent and independent variables, and the types of dependent variables necessary for the statistical analysis.

· Provide a health-related example (or use a peer-reviewed article that used the statistical analysis) to explain your answer.

Permalink: https://collepals.com/discussion-popul…-and-proportions/

Reference:

Cook, A., Netuveli, G., & Sheikh, A. (2004). Chapters 5: Study design, Chapter 6: Combining students, Chapter 7: Managing data. In Basic skills in statistics: A guide for healthcare professionals(pp. 53-86). London, GBR: Class Publishing. eISBN: 9781859591291.

Norman, G. R., & Streiner, D. L. (2014). Section the second: Analysis of variance. Chapter 7: Comparing two groups. In Biostatistics: The bare essentials [4th ed., e-Book]. Shelton, Connecticut: PMPH-USA, Ltd. eISBN-13: 978-1-60795-279-4. Available in the Trident Online Library EBSCO eBook Collection.

Norman, G. R., & Streiner, D. L. (2014). Section the third: Regression and correlation. Chapter 13: Simple regression and correlation. In Biostatistics: The bare essentials [4th ed., e-Book]. Shelton, Connecticut: PMPH-USA, Ltd. eISBN-13: 978-1-60795-279-4. Available in the Trident Online Library EBSCO eBook Collection.

Norman, G. R., & Streiner, D. L. (2014). Section the fourth: Non-parametric statistics. Chapter 21: Tests of significance for categorical frequency data. In Biostatistics: The bare essentials [4th ed., e-Book]. Shelton, Connecticut: PMPH-USA, Ltd. eISBN-13: 978-1-60795-279-4. Available in the Trident Online Library EBSCO eBook Collection.

Bozeman Science (2011, November 13). Chi-squared test

. Retrieved from  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXPBoFDqNVk

Calvert, J. (2005). 2 by 2 contingency tables. Retrieved from  http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/econ/twobytwo.htm

McDonald, J. (2009). Chi-square test for goodness-of-fit. In Handbook of biological statistics [2nd ed.]. Sparky House Publishing: Baltimore, Maryland. Retrieved from  http://www.biostathandbook.com/chigof.html

McDonald, J. (2009). Chi-square test of independence. In Handbook of biological statistics [2nd ed.]. Sparky House Publishing: Baltimore, Maryland. Retrieved from  http://www.biostathandbook.com/chiind.html

Trochim, W. (2006). The t-test. Research Methods Knowledge Base. Retrieved from  http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/stat_t.php

Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers

Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.

Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS

Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?

Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.

We write plagiarism Free Content

Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.

Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.