Goldsmith reading
Goldsmith reading ? Explain the new police visibility The development of mass circulation newspapers led to a significant secondary visibility of policing through the publication of photographic as well as narrative material (pg 139) With secondary visibility it allows people far removed from particular settings to be made aware of policing activities and allows them to make moral assessments of those actions (pg 139) Video sharing and social network create disruption and change the way policing is viewed (pg 142)- increase in public surveillance of the police (pg 143) Ordinary people now have access to tools of exposure ie iphone (mobile phones) to take videos/photos & the mobile phone camera enjoys a much wider distribution and diverse ownership and greater mobility (pg 144) (Just trying to show more examples of this new police visibility through phones that regular people use everyday that can expose the police) This new visibility also refers to to the fact that the viewer society has also become the media producer society as the means of recording and spreading images has become more widely held and commonly put into use (pg 143) Examples Television expanded this secondary visibility as communication networks provided the ability to share visual materials between media outlets even if those outlets are in the same country or across the world (pg 139) Visual recording technologies have contributed to this secondary visibility as citizens have increasingly have had access to privately owned video cameras allowing them to record police in action and share these instances with a wider audience, such as the Rodney King incident (pg 139) Rodney King brought up again in pg 143 & pg 147 G20 pg 147- Man struck clearly by uniformed memer, had a heart attack and died Vancouver Airport- Polish visitor, subdued by officers, had a heart attack/ passed away Explain the traditional police visibility This visibility was originally almost wholly actual or primary, based on direct experience or observation (pg 139) The appearance of normal policing can be pursued by ensuring visibility of positive acts and achievements and equally by concealing negative instances (pg 140) Examples: Visibility through western-style policing ie putting police into recognizable uniforms, marked vehicles- shaped their public image as public officials. Official markers drew public attention. ?In this sense, their visibility has, functionally speaking, been a good thing.? (pg 140) (So I found this to be a representation of the past in how police were viewed through symbols that made them ?police officers? and people would know hey those are the guys that uphold the law and protect us) Consequences of new police visibility Examples: ?Uncontrolled visibility diminishes their power? (pg 140) New capacities of surveillance of policing through the increase of technology may increase the police?s accountability to the public while decreasing their account ability? (pg 140) (Because of the increase of technology people are being shown images of the police that decrease people trust/account ability on the police force as a whole) Research show that mainstream media has a fascination for images of violence and brutality (pg.145) (Trying to connect how people are thirsty for negative images of policing which could connect to TV shows and how there is always murder making it seem prevalent when in reality most crimes are petty like theft that is not showcased as much on tv) The effect makes people skeptical/suspicious/cynical about power especially unaccountable power (pg 146) Public exposure of misdeeds or neglect therefore has the potential to reflect badly upon the police as an organization and lead them to being held to account collectively as well as individually for the actions revealed (pg 140) police are losing their ability to patrol the facts due to new capacities for surveillance of policing inherent in these technologies may increase the police?s accountability to the public, while decreasing their account ability (pg 140) Goffman looked at the idea of normal appearances and noted that the discovery of an apparent impropriety in social situations can serve as an alarming sign, challenging shared public senses of a predictable social order. Such disruptions or improprieties can matter more to the police than perhaps most other occupations given their dual roles as being societal moral agents as well as the dirty workers. Thus these disruptions can cause alarm in the eyes of the public as police will be judges on their fitness to represent and uphold the law and thus endangering public confidence and trust in them (pg 141) Secondary visibility having a gaze over these disruptions can give these events global notoriety in relatively short time time thus making it particularly threatening for the the police. With this notoriety it leads to police doing everything in their power to downplay, conceal and sometimes deny wrongful police actions that have occurred (pg 142) Police less and less rely upon close relations with particular journalists, news photographers and trusted local news outlets to shape what is reported publicly about them (pg 143) Question 2 (Williams reading) Why does The Wire have greater ethnographic value than academic ethnography? Pg 209 ? the Wire is able to ?weave together the forces that shape the circumstances of the urban poor while exposing deep inequality as a fundamental feature of broader social and economic arrangements? Wilson and Chaddha say The Wire is able to demo ?the interconnectedness of systemic urban inequality in a way that can be very difficult to illustrate in academic works) realist observation of daily lives in each of the institutions portrayed resonate to a wide range of interconnected social strata Why does academic ethnography provide a weaker representation of reality than The Wire? Pg 209 ? Scholarly works ?tend to focus on many issues in relative isolation? Pg 212 ? George Marcus Problem when ethno concentrates on 1 specific location. You cannot indicate the existence of macrosystems that affect the microlevel of the location studied bigger picture is ignored? Ethnographers must presume that microworlds exist in larger systems. Pg 213 ? ?no single ethnographer has enough knowledge of enough worlds and enough time to show enough parts to reveal a whole system.? What characteristics of The Wire make it an ethnographic account? (mention the origins, the creation, and how it is presented) FROM LECTURE: David Simon was a long-form journalist. Simon undertook long term participant observation work in order to write his two books. Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets (Simon spent a year with the Police to understand their culture) The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighbourhood Gained both physical and social access by ?hanging around?. Sought to observe fine-grained social relations in his research setting. Simon sought to locate his subject?s point of view (i.e. indwelling/verstehen). Conducted follow-up qualitative interviews (i.e. triangulation). Reflexively added his voice to his stories via editorializing (mimicking the reflexive step). Resisted ?Rifle Shot? journalism proffered by his Newspaper bosses. Used his research to uncover, render visible and problematize issues of inequality, drug cultures, police corruption, etc. FROM READING: Pg 217 ? The journalism, the ethnographies that Simon has in the past conducted, come full circle and are represented in The Wire. Pg 218 ? Bubbles, for example, is fictional. But, he is an amalgam of two real people who Simon met while conducting his own research. Pg 220 ? Simon believes journalism should take a ?broad sociological approach? rather than the ?Rifle Shot Journalism? . The issue here is how much you report only on the individual story (often reduced to stories of villainy or victimization) vs how much you explain the whole system that leads to the story. Simon?s approach is more ambitious and complex, rather than simply resigning to black and white or binary approaches Pg 222 ? He did not want to simply expose an outrage, but to expose the larger institutional and systemic ones. What justification is provided for The Wire being more a more successful ethnographic representation of reality than academic ethnography? FROM LECTURE: It is a multi-site ethnography. It elevates the voice of both the inner-city residents as well as the police officers. bridges various micro systems effectively speak to larger macro-structural issues gives significant time, credence and narrative ?voice? to ?all of the pieces? inculcated in this world all perspectives matter in ethnography; that is The Wire. FROM READING: 213 ? Before the Wire, there had never been a movie or tv show that had given equal time to both sides of the law and portrayed them comparatively as systems in themselves. Both sites equally caught up in the procedures and codes of their work characters complexly motivated Different, though significantly adjacent, ethnographic sites EXAMPLE Pg 214 ? D?Angelo Barksdale Pg 215 ? a multisited ethnographic imaginary that no longer needs to depend upon allusions to abstract ideas of the state, the economy, or capitalism to be understood in a more concrete, vivid, and accessible form. The vivid and concrete interlocking stories are what fiction affords, what ethnography aspires to, and what newspaper journalism can only rarely achieve. Pg 226 ? The Wire shows us how ?all the pieces matter? better than sociologists or ethnographers could. ? ? ? ? .A preview.. Improvements and development in communication has been pivotal to information sharing. Information dispersal has facilitated communication and general knowledge of incidents that directly affects the community. The New visibility has enhance the general overview of flow of information between the source and the recipient which consist of the general audiences. APA 2159 words Related Questions: 4 Essay questions short answer Distinguish between assigned and emergent leaders Define the main methods of non-verbal communication You are preparing for business negotiations with potential partners from Mexico, China, Israel What part do leaders play in implementation? The videos for this discussion have some clues about why change initiative implementation How is communication in a team different from one-on-one communication, according to the text
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