1.“It is false that parts of the Moon were once soaked by

1.“It is false that parts of the Moon were once soaked by water” is: A) A negation B) A conjunction C) A disjunction D) A simple proposition2.“Unless we can control the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, we’ll face a danger of potential climate change 50 years from now” is: A) A negation B) A conjunction C) A disjunction D) A simple proposition5.~ J v ~ (G ⊃ N) is a: A) Negation B) Disjunction C) Conditional6.~(A ∙ B) ≡ (~ A v ~ B) is a: A) Biconditional B) Conjunction C) Negation D) Disjunction7.Construct a truth table for ~ (~ J ⊃ I). How many rows must the truth table for this formula have? A) 2 rows B) 4 rows C) 8 rows8.Construct a truth table for (G ⊃ ~ G) ≡ ~ (G ∙ ~ G). Which truth values go in the column under the horseshoe inside the first parentheses? A) TTFFFFTT B) TT C) TTTF D) FT9.Consider ~ (E ∙ ~G) ⊃ (G v ~E). How many rows must the truth table for this formula have? A) 2 rows B) 4 rows C) 8 rows10.What kind of proposition is represented by ~ (E ∙ ~G) ⊃ (G v ~E)? A) A tautology B) A contradiction C) A contingency14.In “M v L, (M ⊃ I) ∙ (L ⊃ I) .·. I ≡ ( M ∙ L)”, what’s the first premise’s main connective? A) Disjunction B) Conditional C) Negation16.“F ⊃ ~N, I ⊃ F ∴ I ⊃ ~N” is a: A) Modus tollens B) Modus ponens C) Contraposition D) Hypothetical syllogism E) Disjunctive syllogism17.What formal fallacy is committed by the following argument? “Driving while intoxicated is on the rise. If laws on drunk driving are not enforced, then driving while intoxicated will be on the rise. Therefore, laws on drunk driving are not enforced.” A) Denying the antecedent B) Affirming the consequent C) Affirming a disjunct18.By applying the rule Com to “(D v B) ∙ [~(O ⊃ B) ⊃ A]” we can deduce: A) [~(O ⊃ B) ⊃ A] ∙ (D v B) B) ~(O ⊃ B) ⊃ A ∙ (D v B) C) ~(O ⊃ B) ⊃ A19.Consider this proof:(1) I ⊃ (E ∙ ~ L)(2) I ∙ ~ D /∴ (I ∙ ~ D) ∙ ~ L(3) I(4) E ∙ ~ L(5) ~ L(6) (I ∙ ~ D) ∙ ~ LWhat is the justification for line 3? A) 1, 3 MP B) 1, 3 Bicond C) 2 Simp20.Consider this proof:(1) E • [ ~ I • (~ D v I)] /∴ ~ D v F(2) [ ~ I • (~ D v I)] • E(3) ( ~ I • (~ D v I)(4) ~ I(5) (~ D v I) • ~ I(6) ~ D v I(7) ~ D(8) ~ D v FWhat is the justification for line 7? A) 6, 4 DS B) 6, 4 HS C) 4, 5 MP