SM is a 11-year-old Caucasian female brought in by her mother for difficulty concentrating. Her mother states

SM is a 11-year-old Caucasian female brought in by her mother for difficulty concentrating. Her mother states that she has been having trouble concentrating for the past 12 months at home and at school. She states that SM’s teacher reports difficulty listening to instructions, is making frequent mistakes on her assignments at school, does not complete many assignments, and is easily sidetracked by other students or the outside environment (AAFP, 2024). Her mother also states that she has noticed that SM has difficulty attempting to do homework or read, and has a decreased attention span, where she cannot sit and play with one toy for very long (AAFP, 2024). SM was born pre-maturely, and at a low birth weight, of 36 weeks, weighing 5.5 pounds (Posner et al., 2020). She has a past medical history of seasonal allergies, and although not diagnosed, her mother states she believes she has anxiety (Wolraich et al., 2019). She has not had any surgeries. SM is alert and oriented to person, place, and time. During the interview process, she would often turn her head to external stimuli, such as noises coming from outside of the exam room, or when her mother’s phone would make