Incidence of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Mortality Outcomes by Treatment Group Intensive Treatment Standard Treatment No

Table 3. Incidence of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Mortality Outcomes by Treatment Group Intensive Treatment Standard Treatment No. With No. With Outcome Outcome Events % (95% CI) With Events % (95% CI) With P (n = 1317 Outcome Events/y (n = 1319 Outcome Events/y HR (95% CI)b Value All participants Cardiovascular disease primary outcome 102 2.59 (2.13-3.14) 148 3.85 (3.28-4.53) 0.66 (0.51-0.85) .001 Myocardial infarction (MI)d 37 0.92 (0.67-1.27) 53 1.34 (1.02-1.75) 0.69 (0.45-1.05) 09 ACS not resulting in Mid 17 0.42 (0.26-0.68) 17 0.42 (0.26-0.68) 1.03 (0.52-2.04) .94 Stroke 27 0.67 (0.46-0.97) 34 0.85 (0.61-1.19) 0.72 (0.43-1.21) .22 Heart failure 35 0.86 (0.62-1.20) 56 1.41 (1.09-1.83) 0.62 (0.40-0.95) 03 Cardiovascular disease deathd 18 0.44 (0.28-0.70) 29 0.72 (0.50-1.03) 0.60 (0.33-1.09) .09 Nonfatal MI 37 0.92 (0.67-1.27) 53 1.34 (1.02-1.75) 0.69 (0.45-1.05) 09 Nonfatal stroke 25 0.62 (0.42-0.91) 33 0.83 (0.59-1.16) 0.68 (0.40-1.15) .15 Nonfatal heart failure 35 0.86 (0.62-1.20) 55 1.39 (1.06-1.81) 0.63 (0.40-0.96) .03 All-cause mortality 73 1.78 (1.41-2.24) 107 2.63 (2.17-3.18) 0.67 (0.49-0.91) 009 Primary outcome plus all-cause mortality 144 3.64 (3.09- 205 5.31 (4.63-6.09) 0.68 (0.54-0.84) <.001 CKD Primary CKD outcome 7/584 0.38 (0.18-0.81) 4/577 0.23 (0.08-0.60) 1.68 (0.49-6.59) 42 Incident albuminuria 26/196 4.43 (3.02-6.51) 28/177 5.56 (3.84-8.06) 0.96 (0.53-1.75) .90 Non-CKD Secondary CKD outcome 37/726 1.70 (1.23-2.35) 13/732 0.58 (0.34-1.01) 3.14 (1.66-6.37) <.001 Incident albuminuria 29/303 3.31 (2.30-4.76) 42/304 4.84 (3.58-6.55) 0.80 (0.46-1.35) 40 Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CKD, chronic kidney These rows do not sum to the cardiovascular disease primary outcome disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; Only the first event contributes to the primary outcome, whereas participants IQR, interquartile range. with multiple events could contribute to each component outcome. The total No. of participants is provided if it is different from treatment e Includes a 50% reduction in eGFR (measured twice at least 90 days apart), group total. dialysis, or a kidney transplant. Intensive treatment group vs standard treatment group. Only applies to participants with urinary albumin to creatinine ratio of less Includes nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not than 10 mg/g at baseline, and required a doubling of the urinary albumin to resulting in a myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute creatinine ratio from less than 10 mg/g to 10 mg/g or greater (measured twice decompensated heart failure, and death from cardiovascular causes at least 90 days apart). Median follow-up time for the intensive treatment group was 3.16 years Includes a 30% reduction in eGFR (measured twice at least 90 days apart) to (IQR, 2.63-3.70 years), with 3938.2 person-years of follow-up. In the standard an eGFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 ma, dialysis, or a kidney transplant. treatment group, median follow-up time was 3.12 years (IQR, 2.67-3.67 years), with 3841.0 person-years of follow-up.

Using Table 3, answer the following questions:

1. Calculate the incidence of cardiovascular disease primary outcome (first line) using the number of outcome events presented in table 3. 

2. HR (hazard ratio) is interpreted in the same way as RR. 

3. Describe the results.

4. Given the 95% confidence interval, how would you describe the variability associated with the finding?