The heart and Circulatory System

The heart and Circulatory System

The heart is a hollow, four chambered, muscular organ that continually propels oxygen and nutrients, and consists of the upper right and left ______________________ and the lower right and left __________________. (1pt)

The atria are separated by a thin muscular wall called the _______________________; the ventricles are separated by a thick muscular wall called the ______________________________. (1pt)

The right atrium and ventricle act as a pump to supply blood to the __________________________. (0.5)

The left atrium and ventricle act as a pump to supply blood to the ____________________________.(0.5)

The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the _____________________________.(0.5)

The primary function of the fibrous pericardium is to: (1.5)

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The inner wall, called the serous pericardium, is composed of two layers; the _____________________, and the ___________________________________. (1pt)

The epicardium, or visceral layer of the pericardium, is composed of ___________________________________(1)

The myocardium consists of ____________________________________________________________________(1)

The endocardium is located in the _______________________________________________________________(1)

The blood supply that nourishes the heart originates directly from the aorta by means of two arteries—the ______________________________ and _____________________________________. (1)

The left coronary artery divides into the ____________________________ and _________________________. (1)

The right atrium receives venous blood from the ____________________________ and ________________________. (1)

A small amount of cardiac venous blood enters the right atrium by means of the ____________________________. (0.5)

A one-way valve called the __________________________ lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle. (0.5)

When the ventricles contract, the tricuspid valve closes and blood leaves the right ventricle through the __________________________________ and enters the lungs by way of the right and left _________________________________.  (1)

The ____________________________ separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk. (0.5)

After blood passes through the lungs, it returns to the left atrium by way of the _________________________.(0.5)

The ____________________________________lies between the atrium and the left ventricle. (0.5)

The pulmonary circulation system begins with the _________________________ and ends in the _________________________. (1)

The arteries are vessels that carry blood (________ to ; ________away from) the heart. (0.5)

In the capillaries of the pulmonary system, gas exchange is called __________________ respiration. (0.5)

In the capillaries of the systemic system, gas exchange is called __________________ respiration. (0.5)

Veins are also known as _________________ vessels. (0.5)

When the baroreceptors signal the medulla to increase its sympathetic activity, the net result is: (1.5)

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A positive transmural pressure is when pressure inside the vessel is (_________ greater than; _________ less than; __________the same as) the pressure outside the vessel.(0.5)

The maximum pressure generated during ventricular contraction is the _______________________________. (0.5)

If an individual has a stroke volume of 55 mL and a heart rate of 80 beats per minute, what is the cardiac output? (1pt