Pathogens-organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that cause disease

Pathogens-organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that cause disease. Not all bacteria, fungi, viruses cause disease.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that do not have a distinct cell nucleus enclosed by a membrane, unlike most other cells. Microorganisms like this are called prokaryotic organisms. Most bacteria live outside the cells of the host they infect (though there are some that can live inside or outside of the host’s cells).

Viruses are organisms that cannot live outside a cell. Viruses infect a cell and then make the cell stop normal functions and produce viruses. Some viruses kill the cell they have infected, whereas others do not.

Questions: The Adaptive immune system has two distinct components (“arms”). The Cellular adaptive immune system, and the Humoral adaptive immune system.

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1. Which one of adaptive immune system “arms” is involved in dealing with most bacteria living outside of cells?

2. Which “arm” is involved in dealing with virus infected or abnormal cells?

3. What cells are in the Humoral immune system arm? What are their functions?

4. What cells are in the Cellular immune system arm? What are their functions?

5. What cells are in the Innate immune system? What are their functions?

6. What is the difference between the Innate and the Adaptive Immune responses?

7. What happens when the immune system attacks normal tissues and cells?

8. Why do we need auto-reactive cells? How do cells that react to “self” keep us healthy?

9. Describe a bacterial/viral/or autoimmune disease you find interesting (symptoms, pathogenesis of the disease, treatments, who is at risk, how common is the disease, and outcomes).

10. Which part of the immune system is involved with your disease in development or protection?

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