Microbiology Question
BIOL230-01: Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Exam 3 Study Guide 1. General characteristics of the immune system a. Recognition and Response—as you study the different cell types, think about how they recognize something that is foreign, and how they respond to a foreign substance to eliminate it from the body b. Cell types—defining characteristics of each (e.g. Which are phagocytes? What type of protective molecules are made by each?) i. Neutrophils ii. Eosinophils iii. Basophils iv. Monocytes v. Macrophages vi. Dendritic cells vii. Natural Killer (NK) cells viii. T cells ix. B cells c. Differences between innate and adaptive immunity d. Differences between primary and secondary immune responses (HINT: be able to draw below diagram and explain what causes the trend) Kuby Immunology, 7th ed., Fig. 1.8 2. Innate immunity a. Anatomical barriers (be able to assign to one of the three below categories) i. Physical ii. Chemical iii. Mechanical b. Phagocytosis (review diagram of steps and intracellular events) i. Opsonization ii. Antigen presentation to T cells 1 c. Inflammation i. Signs ii. Components/Steps d. Induced cellular responses i. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ii. Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) e. Complement (definition only) 3. Adaptive immunity a. Antigens, Epitopes, Immunogens (know the difference between these terms) b. Humoral i. B cells—What are they and how do they work? ii. Antibodies—What do they look like, and what types are produced during a primary vs secondary response? c. Cell-mediated i. Helper T cells—What are they and how do they work? What types of cells to they help? ii. Cytotoxic T cells—What are they and how do they work? What types of cells do they kill? d. Protective immunity—Which of the above types of immune responses are protective against an extracellular vs intracellular pathogen? e. Memory—know the concept of memory and how it relates to a secondary immune response 4. Vaccinations and acquiring different types of immunity a. What types of cells or molecules can be used to make vaccines? b. Passive immunity c. Active immunity d. Herd immunity 2
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