Define biotechnology.
1. Define biotechnology.
2. Define genetic engineering.
3. Define the following and explain how they areused in Biotechnology:
A. Restriction Enzymes
B. Gel Electrophoresis
C. DNA Sequencing
D. PCR
4. A. Why are primers important in PCR?
B. What enzyme is used in PCR? Why can’t human DNA Polymerase be used?
C. Explain how the thermocycler “cycles” to amplify the DNA.
5. List three things for which PCR can be used.
6. You think you might be infected with the COVID-19 virus. Explain how PCR can be used to demostrate if you are or are not infected with the virus.
7.List and describetwothings for which recombinant DNA can be used.
8. You have discovered a gene that produces an enzyme that will speed up a person’s metabolism 10-fold. You think it would be a good idea to mass produce this enzyme and sell it as a weight loss product. Put the following steps in order to demonstrate how you would mass produce the enzyme. Number the steps 1-9.
Transform competent E. coli cells with the recombinant plasmid.
Cut the gene with a restriction enzyme to produce sticky ends.
Purify your enzyme (protein).
Grow the bacteria in liquid media. The bacteria will express your gene of interest and produce the desired enzyme.
Cut a plasmid (or other vector) with the same restriction enzyme to produce the same sticky ends.
Permanently join the gene and plasmid together with DNA ligase. This will produce a recombinant plasmid.
Isolate the gene that produces the enzyme (the gene of interest).
Mix the gene and plasmid together. The sticky ends will complementary base pair.
Select for E. coli cells that have taken up the plasmid and contain the gene of interest (while colonies grown on an antibiotic plate).
9. A. What is a stem cell? Use the term “differentiate” or “differentiated” in your answer.
B. What is the difference between an embryonic stem cell and an adult stem cell?
C. How do scientists obtain embryonic stem cells?
10. A. SCNT stands for Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Describe the process of SCNT.
B. Why must SCNT be used in therapeutic cloning instead of embryonic cells from donated embryos?
11. Describe the difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning.
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