Describe the basic tenets of cell theory/cell doctrine.
BIOL111 Chapter 4 Questions
1. Describe the basic tenets of cell theory/cell doctrine. (Worth 3 points)
2. What common features do all cells share? (Worth 4 points)
3. Discuss several differences between plant and animal cells and what functions those organelles have in the plant or animal cells. (Worth 10 points)
4. Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (Worth 3 points)
5. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus, and compare it to the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells. (Worth 8 points)
6. What are three types of Cytoskeletal elements and list the functions each serves in the cell? (Worth 6 points)
7. Describe the functions of the components of the endomembrane system (Worth 12 points).
8. Which cellular organelles produce energy and what type of energy do they produce? Why do scientists believe that these organelles arose from prokaryotic cells? What is the hypothesis called? (Worth 7 points)
9. What is the function of ribosomes? Where in the cell are they found? Are they limited to eukaryotic cells? (Worth 5 points)
10. One of the functions of the cytoskeleton in animal cells is to give shape to the cell. Plant cells have a fairly rigid cell wall surrounding the plasma membrane. Does this mean that a cytoskeleton is unnecessary for a plant cell? (Wroth 4 points)
11. What problems would an enormous round cell encounter? What adaptations might help a very large cell survive? (Worth 4 points)
BIOL111 Chapter 5 Questions
1. Explain the fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure. What is it composed of and how do the different components contribute to membrane function? (Worth 12 points)
2. Describe the Functions of the plasma Membrane? (Worth 5 points)
3. What are two types of transport proteins and how do they function? (Worth 2 points)
4. What is Passive Transport? Describe the three general types of passive transport (Worth 7 points)
5. What is osmosis? What three terms are used to describe relative solute concentrations outside and inside of the cell? What happens to cells that are placed in each of these three types of solutions? (Worth 7 points)
6. Define diffusion and osmosis. Explain how osmosis helps plant leaves remain firm. What is the term for water pressure inside plant cells? (Worth 4 points)
7. What is Energy-Requiring Transport? Describe the three general types of energy-requiring transport. (Worth 7 points)
8. Name four types of cell-to-cell junctions, and describe the function of each. Which are found in plants, and which in animals? (Worth 8 points)
9. Different cells have somewhat different plasma membranes. The plasma membrane of a Paramecium, for example, is only about 1% as permeable to water as the plasma membrane of a human red blood cell. Hypothesize about why this is the case. Is Paramecium likely to have aquaporins in its plasma membrane? Explain your answer. (Worth 4 points)
10. The fluid portion of blood, in which red blood cells are suspended, is called plasma. Is the plasma likely to be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic to the red blood cells? Explain. (Worth 4 points)
11. Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves around parts of neurons, serving as insulation for the electrical signals that flow inside neurons carried by ions. Given the general roles of protein and lipids in the cell membrane, which component would you predict to be more abundant in these insulating cells? Explain. (Worth 4 points)
BIOL111 Chapter 6 Questions
1. Physicists often consider energy in two forms. What are they and how do they differ? Described the 5 types of energy that are important in Biology. (Worth 9 points)
2. What are the two laws that govern energy interconversions and what does each say? (Wroth 4 points)
3. Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic. (Wroth 4 points)
4. What is a catalyst and what are 3 important properties they have? What are some examples of catalysts? (Worth 6 points)
5. Define feedback inhibition. Explain how enzymes are regulated by feedback inhibition (Worth 6 points).
6. What is an enzyme and how does it work? What are some environmental factors that can influence enzyme activity? (Wroth 6 points)
7. What is metabolism? Discuss several ways in which metabolic pathways are controlled or regulated. (Worth 10 points)
8. Describe the energy-carrier molecules in cells and explain how they facilitate chemical reactions. (Worth 6 points)
9. One of your nerdiest friends walks in while you are vacuuming. Trying to impress her, you casually mention that you are expending electrical energy to create a lower-entropy state in your room. She comments that, ultimately, you are taking advantage of the increase in entropy of the sun to clean your room. What is she talking about? (Worth 4 points)
10. The subunits of virtually all organic molecules are joined by condensation reactions and can be broken apart by hydrolysis reactions (described in Chapter 3). Why, then, does your digestive system produce separate enzymes to digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates? (Worth 4 points)
11. When a bear eats a salmon, can the bear use all the energy contained in the body of the fish? Why or why not? Based on your conclusion, would you predict that a natural system (such as a forest) would have more predators or more prey animals (by weight). Explain. (Worth 4 points)
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