Human trafficking and exploitation
Respond to two peers
Peer 1:Trying to come up with possible things to write on is easier said than done! For my first topic, I am considering the affect on children who have a parent in prison. My statement for this topic would be: Juvenile delinquency may be reduced if parents who are incarcerated are able to parent from prison. As a child, having a parent who has/currently is spending time in prison takes a toll on a child, and has lasting emotional and behavioral impacts on their development (Henson, 2020). There are currently more than 2.1 million kids who have a parent in prison and most of them are going to have parents who have problems parenting while they are in prison (Henson, 2020). I think that there is room for improvement within our criminal justice system as to how we let those who are behind bars parent and be a part of their children’s lives. In doing an initial search for current scholarly articles on the issue, I found plenty of articles that talked on the issue. My next topic would be the effectiveness of recidivism programs and ways to improve them. The statement for this topic would be: Identifying effective recidivism programs and implementing them across the country would lead to a reduction in recidivism. I do think that we have a problem with the number of repeat offenders in this country. Prison time is meant to be rehabilitative, to prevent someone from making the same mistake again, but if we do not take the time to make these citizens better and give them the tools that they need to succeed, we will continue to have problems with recidivism. For example, the Duluth Program which is a program used in some states to help those who have committed intimate partner violence, has only shown a 5% reduction in recidivism (McNeeley, 2021). If there is a recidivism program that is only showing a 5% success rate, why are we still using it? Is there a more effective program out there that could be used instead? This topic is also full of good, scholarly sources. My main concern with this topic would be that there would be too many articles on the same types of programs, but in my initial search, I seemed to find a variety of programs with a good amount of literature available. I do not currently have an interest in a career in corrections, but as I have taken more classes in my quest to complete my degree, I have been drawn to what prisons are doing to reduce the amount of repeat offenders that they get. However, the effects on children who have a parent in prison is a topic that is new to me, and I do find it very interesting. It could be considered a recidivism program, but I do fear that by researching just that topic, it might be narrowing myself too much. I am still weighing my options, but I think I will more than likely start with research on the effectiveness of recidivism programs and see where that takes me.References Henson. (2020). Meet Them Where They Are: The Importance of Contextual Relevance in Prison-Based Parenting Programs. The Prison Journal (Philadelphia, Pa.), 100(4), 468–487. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885520939294 McNeeley. (2021). Effectiveness of a Prison-Based Treatment Program for Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Criminal Recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(21-22), 10405–10430. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519885641
Peer 2:Considering the numerous issues that criminal justice professionals contend with daily, I narrowed them down to mental illness and human trafficking.Thesis: The sustained debate over mental illness and criminality, requires medical clinicians to thoroughly conduct efficient psychiatric evaluations identifying proper diagnoses aligned with sanctioned policy, eliminating medical disparity.The first topic of mental illness is interesting because of the association with mental illness and crime, especially in the context of recent mass shootings. After reading data on mental illness, article data indicated almost half of jailed inmates have a history of a mental health concerns, requiring efforts of law enforcement, mental health providers, and legislatures to create and establish polices protect and support victims. Another aspect to consider for mental health and crime is false labels that all criminals possess mental illness. It appears a vast part of society view behavior issues as a symptom or indicator of a psychological disorder, resulting in a false awareness that compares corruption with cognitive disturbance. Also, article data suggests the high volume of reported mental disturbance in jails and prisons are due to false identification of criminals with mental issues, because prisons do not always base the decision on psychiatric evaluations or diagnoses, but instead a result from external social factors (Chiasi et al., 2022).Ghiasi N, Azhar Y, Singh J. Psychiatric Illness And Criminality. [Updated 2022 Jan 15]. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537064/Thesis: Human rights violations require effective legislation and premediated approaches to prevent national security concerns and further individual rights defilements.A few aspects of human trafficking that are important is the criminal business is considered a national security threat by transnational criminal groups, and the origins of the criminal undertaking begin in countries with fragile democracies through diaspora of individual(s) or communities by criminal remittances. The compelled labor by women, men, and children and their economic remittances are either taken by traffickers, or the money is sent back to families in origin countries (Parrlberg, 2022). In addition, the criminal venture is also linked to terrorist groups that utilize human trafficking to fund their terrorist operations. There are current laws in place, such as The Traveling Victims Protection Act (TVPA) but critics argue the legislation only focuses on protection of the victims after their experiences, not aimed at prevention at the source (Welch, 2017).To my surprise after some initial research, women are not the majority during this type of compelled labor. Human trafficking is considered much broader range of low pay, or no pay hazardous labor, as low wage labor promotes situations for labor abuse. Men, women, and children are trafficked for different intentions, such as planation work, commercial fishing, factory labor, mining, and compelled sex work etc. Furthermore, this type of labor is linked to various forms of misuse, such as extensive work hours, nominal pay, working to pay of debt, physical confinement, threats, and violence to mention a few. These types of working conditions result physical injuries and mental disorders (Zimmerman & Kiss, 2017).Another interesting aspect of my initial research is the involvement of some victims in human trafficking, as they view themselves as a criminal, thus their involvement in human trafficking. This particular aspect is connected to the labeling theory, which are individuals suffering from mental illness. This is supported by some victims with chronicled criminal backgrounds serving prison terms for prostitution and drugs, again due to themselves believing they are willing participants in forced corruption and labor (Meshelemiah & Lynch, 2019).Meshelemiah, J. C., & Lynch, R. E. (2019). The cause and consequence of human trafficking: Human rights violations.Paarlberg. (2022). Transnational gangs and criminal remittances: a conceptual framework. Comparative Migration Studies, 10(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-022-00297-xShannon A Welch. (2017). Human Trafficking and Terrorism: Utilizing National Security Resources to Prevent Human Trafficking in the Islamic State. Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 24(2), 165–.Zimmerman, C., & Kiss, L. (2017). Human trafficking and exploitation: A global health concern. PLoS medicine, 14(11), e1002437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002437After reviewing both topics and scratching the surface of topic information, I will invest more time into human trafficking for the culminating assignment. My initial research so far has depicted extensive data and journals which require additional research.Steve
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