4-1 Worksheet: Levels of Prevention
10315Overview: Worksheet activities in this course are opportunities to practice course concepts and receive specific instructor feedback. These worksheet
assignments will ultimately prepare you to complete the final project.
Prompt: For this assignment, you will complete the Module Four Worksheet. Prevention in epidemiology includes a wide range of activities known as
interventions that are aimed at reducing risks or threats to health. The three categories of prevention include primary, secondary, and tertiary. This worksheet
will allow you to practice recognizing and categorizing the different levels. In your worksheet, you will specifically address the following:
Define primary prevention.
Define secondary prevention.
Define tertiary prevention.
Describe a primary prevention for lung cancer for smokers.
Describe a secondary prevention for lung cancer for smokers.
Describe a tertiary prevention for lung cancer for smoker
Prevention in epidemiology includes a wide range of activities known as interventions that are aimed at reducing risks or threats to health. You may have heard researchers and health experts talk about three categories of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. What do they mean by these terms?
Prevention happens on three distinct levels. Primary prevention tries to keep illness from occurring; an example would be washing your hands to kill germs and limit infection—the preventive action (hand washing) prevents the germs that cause disease from spreading. Primary prevention normally has little physician involvement. People employ preventive measures on their own, in many cases by following their own personal health measures, obeying laws regarding sanitation or safety, or engaging in other actions.
Secondary prevention tries to stop disease before it becomes more problematic; an example would be screening for diabetes to treat the disease in its early stages or before complications occur. Screening for diseases (a form of patient–physician interaction) is a hallmark of secondary prevention initiatives.
Finally, tertiary prevention works to limit the problems or disability caused by illnesses that have already occurred. An example would be performing a hysterectomy to limit the illness caused by cancer and save the patient’s life. According to this definition, prevention does not prevent disease from occurring but rather works to ameliorate the effects of a disease or illness that has already occurred. In other words, tertiary prevention helps to limit the spread of existing disease, or to prevent even more serious illness or death from occurring. For many health problems, a combination of primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions are needed to achieve a meaningful degree of prevention and protection. Prevention is aimed at improving general health and quality of life in individuals and the community. It involves a comprehensive approach toward lifestyle changes and human behavior. In your worksheet in this module, you will practice differentiating between the levels of prevention, which will help you prepare for the “Levels of Prevention” section of your final project. In addition, you will complete Final Project Milestone One in this module. In this milestone, you will analyze the health issue at the center of the research study.
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