When stratum-specific odds ratios are dissimilar to each other and fail y similar to the crude estimate, we can conclude that the

Please underline the correct answer.

Q1. When stratum-specific odds ratios are dissimilar to each other and fail y similar to the crude estimate, we can conclude that the association under investigation is confounded.

A. True
B. False
C. Neither A nor B

Q2. Which of the following study designs is most efficient in studying a rare exposure?

A. Case control
B. Cross-sectional
C. Cohort
D. None of the above

Q3. What is the most appropriate statistic for testing the association between categorical independent andquantitative dependent variables?

A. Independent sample t-test
B. Simple linear regression
C. Chi-square test of association
D. Paired sample t-test

Q4. In an ecological study, both hypothesis and intervention are tested.

A. True
B. False
C. None of the above

Q5. Effect modification distorts research findings instead of refining them.

A. True
B. False
C. None of the above

Q6. The regression slope estimates the average increase in the dependent variable for each unit increase in the independent variable.

A. True
B. False
C. None of the above

Q7. One of advantages of multiple regression is that it allows us to examine the effect of an exposure variable on the outcome variable while adjusting for no other variable in the model.

A. True
B. False
C. None of the above

Q8. The particular method of analysis in a research study depends on:

A. Research question
B. Study design
C. Level of measurement
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

Q9. Reviewing relevant literature exposes the researcher to specific designs used by previous researchers.

A. True
B. False
C. None of the above

Q10. Ecological fallacy occurs when a researcher interprets the results of group-level data to the individual level.

A. True
B. False
C. None of the above