The proliferation of prostate cells leads to a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), causing the enlargement of the prostate gland. This can result in complications such as urinary retention, recurrent UTIs, gross hematuria, bladder calculi, and impaired kidney function.

The proliferation of prostate cells leads to a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), causing the enlargement of the prostate gland. This can result in complications such as urinary retention, recurrent UTIs, gross hematuria, bladder calculi, and impaired kidney function. These complications arise from the constriction of urine flow and may manifest as symptoms like urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy, incomplete bladder emptying, straining, decreased force of stream, and dribbling. (Deters, Levi. “Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH),2019) Diagnostic measures include urine culture to rule out UTI, bloodwork for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to assess the risk of prostate cancer in individuals with BPH, ultrasound to determine bladder and prostate size, and identify any hydronephrosis due to urinary retention or kidney insufficiency. Cystoscopy can also be employed for a more detailed examination. (Deters, Levi. “Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), 2019) Treatment options include utilizing the International Prostate Symptom Score as a screening tool to assess severity, medication management (anticholinergic agents, alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors), and surgical interventions such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Minimal invasive treatments, including prosthetic stents and urology Lyft, are also available. Considering Mr. B’s age and African-American descent, these