J.S. a 50-year-old African American male who presents with his wife after he fell at home. After the fall, he told his wife “I will be fine, I think my vision just needs checked.”

J.S. a 50-year-old African American male who presents with his wife after he fell at home. After the fall, he told his wife “I will be fine, I think my vision just needs checked.” The patient reports, “I was walking very fast because I really had to pee and I accidentally ran into the table and got off balance. The next thing you know I was on the ground.” The patient reports having blurred vision for the past couple of months but just has not had the time to go to the eye doctor. His wife is more concerned about other changes she has noticed such as, J.S. has been waking up 3 times a night to go to the bathroom and he has had slight confusion and forgetfulness at times. J.S. thinks he has been using the bathroom more frequently because he has been so thirsty lately due to the warmer weather. Although he eats well, he had lost 19 pounds in the last few months. When asked further about the fall the patient does report some tingling in both his feet occasionally. The patient’s wife also thinks her husband’s legs are getting weaker because he hasn’t been able to go on as long of a walk, like they normally do. She also expressed concern about a cut J.S. got on his leg that has not healed. The patient believes he got the cut about 2 months ago while mowing the lawn. (Baseline body weight was 150 pounds, height 5’8″). Lab blood results, on admission, showed glucose of 560 mg/dl, (Normal values: glucose, 70-114 mg/dl). A urine sample was 4+ for glucose and had “large” acetone.

1. What is/are the possible diagnosis in the case? Explain with reasons.

2. What is the pathophysiology of this condition? Name the different forms of the condition.

3. What possible complication is the patient expecting or can expect in this condition?

4. What is the possible treatment for the condition?