Assignment: Modern Concepts Of Causality Assignment: Modern Concepts Of Causality
Assignment: Modern Concepts Of Causality
Assignment: Modern Concepts Of Causality
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Please choose the most appropriate answer: (7 points)
Q1. Gini index used for:
a. Education inequality
b. Income inequality
c. Heath access inequality
d. Social inequality
Q2. The study of the placement and optimum utilization of health services in a
community, refers to:
a. Disease etiology
b. Policy evaluation
c. Program evaluation
d. Operations research
Q3. Epidemiologic research is the subject of criticism, like:
a. Conflicting studies
b. Individual risks
c. Search for causes
d. Specific clinical concerns
Q 4- Shift from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates, refers to:
a. Demographic Transition
b. Environment Transition
c. Epidemic transition
d. Fertility Transition
Q5- Modern Concepts of Causality, like:
a. Control diseases report
b. Henle-Koch postulates
c. Institute of medicine report
d. Surgeon General’s Report
Q6- Study of Risks to Individuals like:
a. Cohort study.
b. Qualitative study
c. Health services study
d. Virtual study.
Dr. Eham AjlouniPHC 1311 st term 2017/2018
Q7- Primordial Prevention concerns with:
a. Limiting disability from disease
b. Minimizing health hazards
c. Protection against disease
d. Reducing progress of disease
Short answers: (3 points)
Answer one question only
Q1. Write the three Criteria for Risk Factors
Causality (also referred to as causation,[1] or cause and effect) is efficacy, by which one process or state, a cause, contributes to the production of another process or state, an effect,[2] where the cause is partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly dependent on the cause. In general, a process has many causes,[3] which are also said to be causal factors for it, and all lie in its past. An effect can in turn be a cause of, or causal factor for, many other effects, which all lie in its future. Some writers have held that causality is metaphysically prior to notions of time and space.[4][5][6]
Causality is an abstraction that indicates how the world progresses,[7] so basic a concept that it is more apt as an explanation of other concepts of progression than as something to be explained by others more basic. The concept is like those of agency and efficacy. For this reason, a leap of intuition may be needed to grasp it.[8][9] Accordingly, causality is implicit in the logic and structure of ordinary language.[10]
In the English language, as distinct from Aristotle’s own language, Aristotelian philosophy uses the word “cause” to mean “explanation” or “answer to a ‘why’ question”, including Aristotle‘s material, formal, efficient, and final “causes”; then the “cause” is the explanans for the explanandum. In this case, failure to recognize that different kinds of “cause” are being considered can lead to futile debate. Of Aristotle’s four explanatory modes, the one nearest to the concerns of the present article is the “efficient” one.
The topic of causality remains a staple in contemporary philosophy.
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