Discuss the primary pathophysiological processes and the significance for symptom development and diagnosis

Week 4 Case Study

Pt is a 48 year old female working as an accountant.

Chief Complaint: “I suddenly felt short of breath and my chest hurts when I breathe.”

Onset: 2 hours before arrival

Past Medical History:

• Hypertension

• Obesity (BMI 34)

• Varicose veins

Medications:

• Hydrochlorothiazide

• Oral contraceptive pills (combined estrogen-progestin)

Social History:

• Sedentary work

• Recent 8-hour flight returning from Europe

• No tobacco use, drinks socially

History of Present Illness

Pt reports the sudden onset of shortness of breath while walking from her car into her home. She describes sharp right-sided chest pain that worsens with deep breathing. She also reports mild cough, but no fever, wheezing, or recent respiratory infection.

Additional symptoms:

• Lightheadedness

• Anxiety

• Mild swelling in the right calf for the past 3 days

She denies trauma or recent illness.

Vitals:

• Temp: 98.6°F

• HR: 118 bpm

• RR: 26 breaths/min

• BP: 102/68 mmHg

• SpO₂: 88% on room air

Questions –

1. Discuss the primary pathophysiological processes and the significance for symptom development and diagnosis.

2. Describe the role genetic mutations play in the development of the disease and the risk factors that make the patient more susceptible to the disease.

3. Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. Explain factors in the patient’s history and lifestyle that could have contributed to the development of the disease process.

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