Breastfeeding, Infant Nutrition, Postpartum Depression
What is the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for breastfeeding?
The American Academy of Pediatrics advocates using exclusive breastfeeding for nearly the first 6 months, and after this, continued breastfeeding, together with complementary foods, for a minimum of 1 year or more as desired mutually between mother and child (Meek & Noble, 2022).
How much weight loss is common after birth – what percentage? ________
Newborn babies often lose 10 percent or less of birth weight within the first days after giving birth (Mtove et al., 2022).
Newborns should regain birth weight by ______ (when?)
Newborns typically regain their birth weight by 10 to 14 days of age.
What do the Letters PURPLE stand for:
The PURPLE acronym describes normal infant crying patterns:
· Peak of crying: Crying increases at 2–3 weeks, peaks at 6–8 weeks.
· Unexpected: Crying can come and go without apparent reason.
· Resists soothing: The baby may not stop crying despite efforts.
· Pain-like face: The baby may look like they are in pain, even if they are not.
· Long-lasting: Crying can last several hours a day.
· Evening: Crying may occur more in the late afternoon and evening
Birth weight _________ at 6 months and _______ at 12 months.
Birth weight typically doubles by 6 months and triples by 12 months.
How does one distinguish caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma?
Caput Succedaneum: Swelling of the scalp that crosses suture lines; caused by pressure during delivery; resolves within a few days.
Cephalohematoma: Collection of blood between the skull bone and its periosteum; does not cross suture lines; may take weeks to resolve.
What percentage of mothers experience “baby blues” after birth?
Approximately 50% to 75% of patients experience baby blues, which are temporary and require no treatment
What screening tool/scale is used to identify mothers at risk for perinatal depression?
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is commonly used to screen for postpartum depression.
What is the daily dose for vitamin D in an infant? Breast milk or formula contains________ calories per ounce?
Infants should receive 400 IU of vitamin D daily, starting within the first few days of life (CDC, 2024)
Breast milk or formula contains________ calories per ounce?
Breast milk and most infant formulas typically contain around 20 calories per ounce
When can infants start solid foods?
Infants can start solid foods around 6 months of age, when they show readiness signs such as sitting up with support and showing interest in foo (CDC, 2024)
What are 5 principles for the introduction of solids into an infant’s diet?
· Introduce one new food at a time, waiting 3–5 days before adding another to monitor for allergies.
· Start with iron-rich foods like fortified cereals or pureed meats.
· Offer a variety of textures and flavors to encourage acceptance.
· Avoid added sugars and salt in baby foods.
· Continue breastfeeding or formula feeding alongside solids.
How long should newborns avoid cow’s milk and why?
infants should not be given cow’s milk as a drink before 12 months of age due to risks of iron deficiency and potential for intestinal irritation
What are the clinical findings of dehydration in infants?
· Dry mouth and tongue.
· Few or no tears when crying.
· Fewer than six wet diapers in 24 hours.
· Sunken eyes or fontanelle.
· Lethargy or irritability.
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