During the last seven weeks, we have been reading poems, stories,
During the last seven weeks, we have been reading poems, stories, essays, and excerpts from novels written by African-American authors from 1900 to the present. We now encounter a more contemporary form of African American expression in hip-hop music. As cultural and literary scholar Louis Henry Gates claims, “Repetition and revision are fundamental to black artistic forms, from painting and sculpture to music and language use.” This “Signifyin(g)” is a dynamic noted throughout hip-hop music because its foundation is rooted in “sampling” music that came before. But the content of rap also expresses a Black experience. Therefore, in your final response this week, discuss three significant subjects or themes that hip-hop artists Signify on in the African American literary tradition as they express their own notions of Blackness in lyrical rap music.Week 8, Learning ResourcesHip-Hop Culture as Contemporary African American Literary VernacularThis week, as you finalize your projects, you will examine hip-hop as an African American vernacular genre that emerges from African American music, dance, art, and community dynamics. Here are a few essays and rap songs that give you a cursory look at what developed in the boroughs of New York City in the late 70s and evolved into a subculture that continues to impact mainstream and global cultures. Of course, we are preoccupied with rap as a literary form emblematic of lyric poetry.EssaysBackground on Hip-Hop Musichttps://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=131125923Why hip-hop needs to be taken more seriously in academic circleshttps://theconversation.com/why-hip-hop-needs-to-be-taken-more-seriously-in-academic-circles-95177?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=twitterbuttonRappers and Their Music (Biography and Music Video) *Songs contain explicit languageKendrick Lamar https://www.biography.com/musician/kendrick-lamarTupac Shakur https://www.biography.com/musician/tupac-shakurQueen Latifah https://www.biography.com/musician/queen-latifahGrandmaster https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/grandmaster-flash-and-furious-fiveCommentaryHip Hop and Spoken WordHip Hop music and lyrics, often called Rap, is a stylized form of poetry. Growing out of the Black Arts Movement of the 1970s, Hip Hop is an amalgamation of rhythmic music, with rhyming speech that is largely chanted rather than sang. It is this formation of a stylized genre that has kept Hip Hop over the decades from being recognized as poetry or literature as each artist who comes to the lyrics (or poem) alters not only the presentation but the words themselves. This alteration of the lyrics is an offshoot of the methods used in creating jazz. Initially a byproduct of street parties in New York (particularly Harlem), it wasnt until 1979 when Rappers Delight, by The Sugarhill Gang, that hip hop entered mainstream American culture. Since the early 1980s, hip hop has evolved and spread, including such movements as New School Hip Hop (1983), the Golden Age of Hip Hop (1985-1993), Gangsta Rap (1985-present), West Coast Hip Hop (1990s), East Coast Hip Hop (1990s), Southern Rap (late 1990s), Neo Soul (late 1990s), Crunk (largely musical rather than lyrical), and Alternative Hip Hop (early 2000s).It wasnt until 2010 that hip hop was established in a literary style when it found its way into artist/writer Jay-Zs book Decoded, which blended his memoir with lyrics in the form of poetry. Also in 2010, The Anthology of Rap was published by authors/editors Adam Bradley, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Andrew DuBois. Gates, a professor, historian, activist, author, and critic is widely known for being the editor of the Norton Anthology of African-American Literature. Andrew DuBois and Adam Bradley also published Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip Hop (2009).The chant of hip hop was preceded by what is commonly called Spoken Word or Spoken Word Poetry. While many might like to classify Spoken Word Poetry as a contemporary form, in reality, most poetry over the millennia has existed as spoken word, such as the epic poems Beowulf, The Iliad, and The Odyssey, which were passed down generation to generation as a spoken tradition.
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