Polarity Electronegativity and Shape
In order to determine whether a molecule is polar, you need to know two pieces of information: does the compound have polar bonds and what is the molecular shape? Polar covalent bonds are dependent on the electronegativity difference between atoms and shape is predicted using VSEPR.
Investigation
You will use the PhET simulation to investigate the relationship between shape, electronegativity and polarity. Go to the following URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-polarity/latest/molecule-polarity_en.html.
A. Start by clicking on the Two Atoms simulation.
Turn on the electric field.
Change the electronegativity of both atoms and observe the movement of the molecule.
Which end of the molecule is nearest the negative plate and which is nearest the positive plate?
Drag the atoms into different positions. What effect does that have on polarity? How do you know?
How can the molecule be made the most polar and the least polar?
B. Repeat the investigation above with the Three Atoms example. Pay close attention to shape as you drag the atoms into different positions.
POST
First, summarize what you discovered using the PhET simulation in a sound paragraph. Your summary should use the concepts of molecular shape and electronegativity to explain the meaning of polar and non-polar and how molecules can be classified into those two groups. Also summarize the steps you took in the simulation to arrive at your conclusions. What symbols and data did the simulation provide?
Second, take a stance on the following statement: “All molecules with polar covalent bonds are polar molecules.” Do you agree or disagree? Why? Use the simulation to support your argument. Describe what you did and why your experiment supports your stance. If you can find real examples to support your argument, list some of those as well.
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