environmental toxcology
Please write the question and highlight or underline your answer. As you do these homework assignments, and reading each chapter, you are preparing for quizzes and exams. Double-space between answer and the start of next question. Please number them the same number they are assigned above.
1. What are the two characteristics of contaminants in environmental toxicology that need to be considered?
2. List the three broad areas to be considered when assessing fate and transport of a chemical.
3. Define advection, diffusion, and dispersion as contaminant transport methods.
4. Contrast the effects of advection versus diffusion and dispersion on contaminant transport.
5. Define and describe LRAT.
6. What are SVOCs? What is cold-trapping?
7. Describe the terms global distillation and grasshopper effect.
8. What is global fractionation?
9. Define and describe persistence. What are the major mechanisms through which persistence is
affected?
10. What are POPs? What are PBTs? List the defining features of each group.
11. What is the REACH criteria for persistence?
12. Define and give an example of biotransport.
13. What is a degradate? How does it compare to the parent chemical?
14. Describe the role hydrolysis reactions play in degradation.
15. Describe photolysis. How is it involved in decontamination?
16. Explain the box model method. What are the three additional assumptions?
17. What factors does a critical thinker need to consider when using the box model?
18. Define fugacity. Of what importance it is?
19. What is body burden? Define bioconcentration and biomagnification, and do not ever confuse
the two.
20. Explain an example of maternal transfer of body burden.
21. Define bioavailability.
22. Describe two bioavailability assessment techniques.
23. How does speciation of a metal factor in the bioavailability of the metal occur?
24. Explain FIAM.
25. How can AVS and SEM predict toxicity?
26. What major ideas are presented in the summary section of this chapter?
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