doing a lab
Lab 03 – Acceleration Purpose Students will explore acceleration. Theory Acceleration happens any time the speed changes. This is its definition—a time-change in speed: a ≡ dv/dt. Zero acceleration means the velocity is not changing. Thus it is possible for speed to be zero when acceleration is not (as when a rocket first starts its engines) and for acceleration to be zero when speed is not (as when an elevator is in steady motion). An accelerometer is a device that detects acceleration. Modern versions use semiconductors in which electrical transmission depends on the internal stresses. Earlier varieties used simple springs, but there is a far easier way. Procedure 1. Procure a water bottle and a piece of cord or string. Dental floss can be used, as can a thread pulled from aging cloth. It needs to be four inches or so. 2. Attach a small weight to the end of the string. It can be a bit of twig or a ball of aluminum foil, but it must float in water when the time comes for that. 3. The label needs to be peeled off the bottle because the weight will hang in it and needs to be visible. The easiest way to hang the weight in the bottle is simply to screw the cap on, trapping the thread against the rim. 4. Set the bottle upright on a tabletop or a smooth floor and give it a minute for the hanging weight to stop moving. Now push the bottle suddenly to away and observe the weight. It responds to the acceleration—in fact its horizontal displacement is pretty much linearly proportional to the acceleration, but note the direction. 5. It should be possible to move the bottle forward at a steady speed along the floor or table (or just carry it) so the weight doesn’t move appreciably. Quickly stop it and observe the motion of the weight. This event is a negative acceleration—a deceleration. 6. Fill the bottle with water with the weight still in there. Screw the cap on to trap the string again. Turn the bottle upside-down do the weight floats in the middle. Repeat steps 4 and 5. Analysis From the outside perspective, the weight swings backward if the bottle accelerates forward because the bottle is trying to leave the weight behind. From the viewpoint of the bottle, there is an “acceleration force” like the one seeming to push people back in their seats when a car accelerates. Please answer each of the following in Canvas using complete sentences: 1. When the bottle moved at a steady speed, what was its acceleration? 2. If the bottle is left to sit, the weight grows still, but the surface of the earth is going east at 1000 MPH. Why doesn’t the accelerometer respond to this? 3. Suppose the bottle were hung from the ceiling in a car and the car sped up. The bottle would swing back in the car. What would the weight do within the bottle (no water, just air)? Why? 4. Did the weight do something weird when the bottle was accelerated while full of water? What did it do? Why?
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