Dallas Baptist University questions
explosive eruption (pyroclastic eruption) extinct volcano flank eruption flood basalt (plateau basalt) lahar lapilli lava dome lava tube Mediterranean belt pahoehoe pillow lavas pyroclast pyroclastic flow shield volcano vent viscosity Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) volcanism volcano Terms Covered in chapter 3 that are Useful for chapter 4 andesite basalt felsic rock intermediate rock lava mafic rock magma obsidian porphyritic pumice rhyolite scoria tuff vesicles volcanic breccia Testing Your Knowledge Use the following questions to prepare for exams based on this chapter. 1. Describe the difference between effusive and explosive eruptions in terms of their eruptive products and the hazards they pose to society. 2. What are the three main components of magma? What factors control the viscosity of magma? page 105 3. On examining a basaltic lava flow in Hawaii, you discover that close to the vent, the lava flow has a pahoehoe texture, but further from the vent, it becomes an a′a flow. What can explain this? 4. What do pillow lavas indicate about the environment of volcanism? 5. What roles do gases and viscosity play in the generation of explosive eruptions? 6. Consider the eruption of Mount Merapi, described at the beginning of this chapter and shown in figure 4.1. What kind of volcano is Merapi? What evidence did you use to determine this? Based upon your answer, what do you think the plate-tectonic setting is of Mount Merapi? What composition of lava do you think it mostly erupts? 7. Describe how a caldera forms. 8. Compare lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and lahars as volcanic hazards. 9. You are a volcanologist working on a volcano that has been active in the past but is currently quiet. What methods would you use to monitor this volcano, and what would those methods tell you about processes beneath the surface? 10. What are the three components of volcanic hazard mitigation? Provide examples of each. 11. Which of the following is an example of a shield volcano? a. Mount St. Helens, Washington State b. Mount Merapi, Indonesia c. Mauna Loa, Hawaii d. Cerro Negro, Nicaragua 12. Volcanic eruptions can affect the climate because a. they heat the atmosphere. b. volcanic dust and gas can reduce the amount of solar radiation that penetrates the atmosphere. c. they change the elevation of the land. d. all of the preceding. 13. The gas most commonly released during a volcanic eruption is a. water vapor. b. carbon dioxide. c. sulfur dioxide. d. hydrogen sulfide. e. oxygen. 14. _____ is a rock composed of frothy volcanic glass a. Obsidian b. Basalt c. Tuff d. Pumice e. Volcanic breccia 15. A lava flow with a ropy or billowy surface is called a. pahoehoe b. a′a c. pillow lava d. lahar e. lava tube 16. Which of these is not a type of pyroclastic material? a. ash b. dust c. lapilli d. a′a e. bomb 17. Which of these is not a major type of volcano? a. shield b. cinder cone c. composite d. stratovolcano e. spatter cone 18. An example of a composite volcano is a. Mount Rainier. b. Fujiyama. c. Mount Vesuvius. d. all of the preceding. 19. Which volcano is not usually made of basalt? a. shield b. composite cone c. spatter cone d. cinder cone 20. Which of the following is not a component of volcanic hazard mitigation? a. Mapping older volcanic deposits b. Preventing a volcanic eruption c. Monitoring earthquake activity around a volcano d. Alerting nearby residents of an imminent eruption Expanding Your Knowledge 1. What might explain the remarkable alignment of the Cascade volcanoes? 2. What would the present-day environmental effects be for an eruption such as that which created Crater Lake? 3. Why are there no active volcanoes in the eastern parts of the United States and Canada? 4. Why are volcanic eruptions at convergent plate boundaries typically more explosive than those at divergent plate boundaries?
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