What is the difference between the medical approach with the public health approach to saving lives from cardiovascular disease as described specifically in Chapter 11? What are the adva

Course Number: PH 111 Course Name: Introduction to Public Health I

CHAPTER 11

THE BIOMEDICAL BASIS OF CHRONIC DISEASES

Chapter Objectives

After reading this chapter, students in PH 111 course should be able to:

1. Describe the relationship between chronic diseases, disability and death

2. Define chronic diseases, such as:

A. Cardiovascular disease

B. Hypertension

C. Cancer

D. Diabetes

3. Identify the risk factors associated with chronic diseases, such as:

A. Cardiovascular disease

B. Hypertension

C. Cancer

D. Diabetes

4. Describe the complications associated with diabetes

The above will be demonstrated by completing and submitting the assignments and by participating in the discussion(s) assigned to this chapter.

MAJOR THEMES

1. Chronic degenerative diseases are now the leading causes of death in the Unites States. While cardiovascular disease and cancer are primarily diseases of old age, they also strike younger people.

2. Public health interventions to prevent chronic diseases depend on understanding the causes of these diseases, which are usually complex and act gradually over time.

3. The National Institutes of Health sponsors much of the research aimed at understanding chronic diseases.

4. Animal models for human diseases are the basis for much research on all diseases.

5. Most cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke, are the result of atherosclerosis. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are fairly well understood; much of the risk is explained by the typical American diet, high in fat and low in fruits and vegetables.

6. Cancer is caused by mutations in a cell’s genetic material. Causes of the mutations may be chemicals, radiation, or viruses. There is still much about cancer that is not understood.

7. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes have been rising rapidly in the United States. Causes of Type I diabetes are not well understood. Type II diabetes is correlated with obesity and is largely preventable with proper diet and exercise.

IMPORTANT TERMS

Chronic Degenerative Diseases

National Institute of Health (NIH)

Cardiovascular disease

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Cancer

DNA

Diabetes

FURTHER READINGS AND WEB SITES

1. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute web site: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/index.htm.

2. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases web site at: www.niddk.nih.gov/

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