What was the RR that compared mortality among women undergoing surgery for cosmetic breast implants to that of socioeconomically and demographically comparable women in the population as a w

1. In a study1 of more than 20,000 women who underwent surgery for cosmetic breast implants (these patients did not have breast cancer), all-cause mortality among these patients in the year following surgery was only 74% the mortality of socioeconomically and demographically comparable women in the population overall (95% CI: 0.68, 0.81).
However, all-cause mortality one-year post surgery among implant recipients was nearly identical to that of another 16,000 women who underwent another form of cosmetic surgery during the same period (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.17, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics).
A. What was the RR that compared mortality among women undergoing surgery for cosmetic breast implants to that of socioeconomically and demographically comparable women in the population as a whole?
B. What was the (relative or absolute) reduction in mortality among women undergoing cosmetic breast implant compared to women who did not undergo this procedure? In your response, indicate whether the reduction was absolute or relative and the magnitude of the reduction.
C. Despite this reduction in mortality compared to women in general, the authors of the above study concluded that the receipt of breast implants does not appear to influence death rates. Do you agree? Provide a justification for your response. (2 points)
2. The following data are from a closed cohort. Assume a two-year follow-up period and no competing risks. Populate the shaded cells in the second table with responses from Exercise 1. Complete the table.
Exposed
Unexposed
TOTAL
Incident cases
150
75
225
Others
450
675
1125
TOTAL
600
750
1350
Exposed
Unexposed
Risk
0.25
0.10
Risk ratio
2.50
1.0
Incidence odds
0.33
0.11
Incidence odds ratio
3.0
1.0
Incidence rate
0.14
.05
Incidence rate ratio
2.73
1.0
A. Provide an interpretation for each measure of association(Risk, Risk ratio, Incidence odds, Incidence odds ratio and Incidence rate, Incidence rate ratio) populated in the table above. (Example: Interpretation of RD=0.0001 ……….One more case per 10,000 people with the exposure of interest will develop the outcome compared to people with the exposure contrast. )
B. Explain why 1.0 was used for RR, IOR, and IRR

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