In 4 or 5 sentences, describe the anatomy of the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron

Order Instructions
SHORT ANSWER ASSESSMENT
As a psychiatric and mental health nurse practitioner, before you can recommend potential pharmacotherapeutics to address a patient’s condition or disorder, you must understand the basic function and structure of the neuron and central nervous system. For this Assignment, you will review and apply your understanding of neuroanatomy by addressing a set of short answer prompts.

To Prepare:

Review the Learning Resources for this week in preparation to complete this Assignment.
Reflect on the basic function and structure of the neuron in relation to the central nervous system.
Reflect on the inter-connectedness between neurons and the central nervous system, including the pathway and distribution of electrical impulses.
Reflect on how neurons communicate with each other and review the concept of neuroplasticity.
TO COMPLETE:
Address the following Short Answer prompts for your Assignment. Be sure to include references to the Learning Resources for this week.

In 4 or 5 sentences, describe the anatomy of the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron. Include each part of the neuron and a general overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse. Be specific and provide examples.
Answer the following (listing is acceptable for these questions):
What are the major components that make up the subcortical structures?
Which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction?
What are the two key neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control?
In 3 or 4 sentences, explain how glia cells function in the central nervous system. Be specific and provide examples.
The synapse is an area between two neurons that allows for chemical communication. In 3 or 4 sentences, explain what part of the neurons are communicating with each other and in which direction does this communication occur? Be specific.
In 3–5 sentences, explain the concept of “neuroplasticity.” Be specific and provide examples.
RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES
NURS_6630_Week1_Assignment_Rubric
NURS_6630_Week1_Assignment_Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIn 4 or 5 sentences, describe the anatomy of the basic unit of the nervous sytem, the neuron. Include each part of the neuron and a general overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse. Be specific and provide examples.
13 to >11.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
The response accurately and clearly describes in detail the anatomy of the neuron. The response accurately and clearly describes in detail each part of the neuron, and it includes a detailed explanation of the general overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse…. Examples fully support the response provided.
11 to >10.0 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
The response accurately describes the anatomy of the neuron. The response accurately describes each part of the neuron, and it includes a general overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse…. Examples support the response provided.
10 to >9.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
The response provides an inaccurate or vague description of the anatomy of the neuron. The response inaccurately or vaguely describes each part of the neuron, and it includes an inaccurate or vague overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse…. Examples vaguely support the response provided.
9 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
The response provides an inaccurate or incomplete description of the anatomy of the neuron, or is missing. The response inaccurately or incompletely describes each part of the neuron, and it includes an inaccurate or vague overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse, or is missing…. Examples do not support the response provided, or is missing.
13 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAnswer the following (listing is acceptable for these questions):a. What are the major components that make up the subcortical structures?b. Which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction?c. What are the two key neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control?
13 to >11.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
The response accurately and clearly details the major components that make up the subcortical structures…. The response accurately and clearly details which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction…. The response accurately and clearly identifies the two neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control.
11 to >10.0 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
The response accurately identifies the major components that make up the subcortical structures…. The response accurately identifies which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction…. The response accurately identifies the two neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control.
10 to >9.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
The response inaccurately identifies the major components that make up the subcortical structures…. The response inaccurately identifies which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction…. The response inaccurately identifies two neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control.
9 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
The response inaccurately and incompletely identifies the major components that make up the subcortical structures, or is missing…. The response inaccurately and incompletely identifies which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction, or is missing…. The response inaccurately and incompletely identifies two neurotransmitters in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control, or is missing.
13 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIn 3 or 4 sentences, explain how glia cells function in the central nervous system. Be specific and provide examples.
13 to >11.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
The response accurately and clearly explains in detail how glia cells function in the central nervous system…. Examples fully support the response provided.
11 to >10.0 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
The response accurately explains how glia cells function in the central nervous system…. Examples support the response provided.
10 to >9.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains how glia cells function in the central nervous system…. Examples inaccurately or vaguely support the response provided.
9 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
The response inaccurately and vaguely explains how glia cells function in the central nervous system, or is missing…. Examples do not support the response provided, or is missing.
13 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeThe synapse is an area between two neurons that allows for chemical communication. In 3 or 4 sentences, explain what part of the neurons are communicating with each other and in which direction does this communication occur? Be specific.
13 to >11.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
The response accurately and clearly explains in detail the part of the neurons that communicate with each other and the direction in which this communication occurs.
11 to >10.0 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
The response accurately explains the part of the neurons that communicate with each other and the direction in which this communication occurs.
10 to >9.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the part of the neurons that communicate with each other and the direction in which this communication occurs.
9 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
The response inaccurately and vaguely explains the part of the neurons that communicate with each other and the direction in which this communication occurs, or is missing.
13 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIn 3–5 sentences, explain the concept of “neuroplasticity.” Be specific and provide examples.
13 to >11.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
The response accurately and clearly explains in detail the concept of neuroplasticity…. Examples provided fully support the response provided.
11 to >10.0 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
The response accurately explains the concept of neuroplasticity…. Examples provided support the response provided.
10 to >9.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the concept of neuroplasticity…. Examples inaccurately or vaguely support the response provided.
9 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
The response inaccurately and vaguely explains the concept of neuroplasticity, or is missing…. Examples do not support the response provided, or is missing.
13 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
4 to >3.5 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
3.5 to >2.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
2 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
Uses correct APA format with no errors.
4 to >3.5 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.
3.5 to >2.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.
2 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
5 pts
Total Points: 75

SAMPLE ANSWER

A neuron consists of three major parts: the dendrites, the cell body, and the axon. Dendrites receive input from other neurons, the cell body processes the incoming signals, and the axon conducts the electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles. The electrical impulse travels along the axon, and when it reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, continuing the transmission of the signal.

The major subcortical structures of the brain include the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and brainstem. The basal ganglia, particularly the striatum, play a role in learning, memory, and addiction.

The two key neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control are dopamine and acetylcholine.

Glia cells in the central nervous system provide support and maintenance functions for neurons. They provide nutrients and oxygen, remove waste products, and insulate and protect neurons. For example, oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath that covers axons, while astrocytes help regulate the chemical environment around neurons.

At the synapse, the axon of one neuron communicates with the dendrites of another neuron. The communication occurs in one direction, from the presynaptic neuron (the neuron sending the signal) to the postsynaptic neuron (the neuron receiving the signal).

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. This can occur in response to environmental or experiential factors, such as learning or injury. For example, the brain can reorganize its neural pathways to compensate for damage caused by a stroke.

References:

Kandel, E. R. (2001). The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science, 294(5544), 1030-1038.

Kolb, B., & Gibb, R. (2011). Brain plasticity and behaviour in the developing brain. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20(4), 265-276.

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