Tracing Themes Throughout the Text Lahiri’s?Interpreter of Maladies provides a story cycle in which short stories are linked together by recurrent themes. To add to the complexity, Lahiri uses th
Tracing Themes Throughout the Text
Lahiri's Interpreter of Maladies provides a story cycle in which short stories are linked together by recurrent themes. To add to the complexity, Lahiri uses themes differently. For example, the contrasting themes of love and loss present themselves in the relationship of Shoba and Shakumar in "A Temporary Matter" with their love for each other disintegrating after their son was stillborn. However in "Interpreter of Maladies," Mr. Kapasi's infatuation with Mrs. Das plays out as a fantasy of love (and subsequent loss) for and American tourist, and her family, that Mr. Kapasi drives between tourist destinations in India. Both examples of love and loss, the contrasting themes are used differently in different stories.
Initial Post
For this discussion post, compose a discussion post in which you discuss one, or on set, of the themes listed below in the two stories, "A Temporary Matter," and "Interpreter of Maladies." To do so, make sure that you present evidence (meaning quotes) from the text, to demonstrate your skills with close textual analysis. Here are the themes from which you may choose:
- Identity
- barriers to communication
- community
- care / neglect
- love / loss
- race / racism
- dehumanization
After drafting your comparison, please go on to discuss why Lahiri may have chosen to title the entire collection "Interpreter of Maladies," after the third story in the text. Who is the interpreter of maladies? What significance does this title have for the story, "Interpreter of Maladies," and for the entire text, Interpreter of Maladies. Consider using a two-paragraph structure for this post. One for the themes, the next for your discussion of the story and book title.
I
Interp
preter O
Of Mal
Pulitze
ladies
r Prize W
– Jhum
Winner
mpa Laahiri
Ajaytao
Interpreter of Maladies
Jhumpa Lahiri
Table of Contents Title Page Table of Contents … Copyright Dedication Acknowledgments Contents A Temporary Matter When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine Interpreter of Maladies A Real Durwan Sexy Mrs. Sen’s This Blessed House The Treatment of Bibi Haldar The Third and Final Continent
A Mariner Original • Mariner Books Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
BOSTON • NEW YORK
Copyright © 1999 by Jhumpa Lahiri ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, Houghton MifflinHarcourt Publishing Company,
215 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10003. www.hmhbooks.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lahiri, Jhumpa.
Interpreter of maladies / Jhumpa Lahiri. p. cm.
Contents: A temporary matter—When Mr. Pirzada came to dine — Interpreter of maladies — A real durwan — Sexy—Mrs. Sen’s — This blessed house — The treatment
of Bibi Haldar—The third and final continent. ISBN 978-0-395-92720-5
1. East Indian Americans — Social life and customs — Fiction. I. Title.
PS 3562. A316158 1999 813’.54—dc21 98-50895 CIP
Printed in the United States of America Book design by Robert Overholtzer
DOC 40 39 38 37 36 35
Some of the stories in this collection have appeared elsewhere, in slightly different form: “ATemporary Matter” in The New Yorker, “When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine” in The Louisville
Review, “Interpreter of Maladies” in the Agni Review, “AReal Durwan” in the Harvard Review, “Sexy” in The New Yorker,
“Mrs. Sen’s” in Salamander, “This Blessed House” in Epoch, and “The Treatment of Bibi Haldar” in Story Quarterly.
For my parents and for my sister
WITH THANKS TO the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown,
Janet Silver, and Cindy Klein Roche
Contents A TEMPORARY MATTER
[>] WHEN MR. PIRZADA CAME TO DINE
[>] INTERPRETER OF MALADIES
[>] A REAL DURWAN
[>] SEXY [>]
MRS. SEN’S [>]
THIS BLESSED HOUSE [>]
THE TREATMENT OF BIBIHALDAR [>]
THE THIRD AND FINALCONTINENT [>]
A Temporary Matter THENOTICEINFORMEDTHEM that it was a temporary matter: for five days their electricity would be cut off for one hour, beginning at eight P.M. A line had gone down in the last snowstorm, and the repairmen were going to take advantage of the milder evenings to set it right. The work would affect only the houses on the quiet tree-lined street, within walking distance of a row of brick-faced stores and a trolley stop, where Shoba and Shukumar had lived for three years. “It’sgood of them to warn us,” Shoba conceded after reading the notice aloud, more for her own benefit than Shukumar’s. She let the strap of her leather satchel, plump with files, slip from her shoulders, and left it in the hallway as she walked into the kitchen. She wore a navy blue poplin raincoat over gray sweatpants and white sneakers, looking, at thirty-three, like the type of woman she’d once claimed she would never resemble. She’d come from the gym. Her cranberry lipstick was visible only on the outer reaches of her mouth, and her eyeliner had left charcoal patches beneath her lower lashes. She used to look this way sometimes, Shukumar thought, on mornings after a party or a night at a bar, when she’d been too lazy to wash her face, too eager to collapse into his arms. She dropped a sheaf of mail on the table without a glance. Her eyes were still fixed on the notice in her other hand. “But they should do this sort of thing during the day.” “When I’m here, you mean,” Shukumar said. He put a glass lid on a pot of lamb,
adjusting it so only the slightest bit of steam could escape. Since January he’d been working at home, trying to complete the final chapters of his dissertation on agrarian revolts in India. “When do the repairs start?” “It says March nineteenth. Is today the nineteenth?” Shoba walked over to the framed corkboard that hung on the wall by the fridge, bare except for a calendar of William Morris wallpaper patterns. She looked at it as if for the first time, studying the wallpaper pattern carefully on the top half before allowing her eyes to fall to the numbered grid on the bottom. A friend had sent the calendar in the mail as a Christmas gift, even though Shoba and Shukumar hadn’t celebrated Christmas that year. “Today then,” Shoba announced. “Youhave a dentist appointment next Friday, by the way.” He ran his tongue over the tops of his teeth; he’d forgotten to brush them that morning. It wasn’t the first time. He hadn’t left the house at all that day, or the day before. The more Shoba stayed out, the more she began putting in extra hours at work and taking on additional projects, the more he wanted to stay in, not even leaving to get the mail, or to buy fruit or wine at the stores by the trolley stop. Six months ago, in September, Shukumar was at an academic conference in Baltimore when Shoba went into labor, three weeks before her due date. He hadn’t wanted to go to the conference, but she had insisted; it was important to make contacts, and he would be entering the job market next year. She told him that she had his number at the hotel, and a copy of his schedule and flight numbers, and she had arranged with her friend Gillian for a ride to the hospital in the event of an emergency. When the cab pulled away that morning for the airport, Shoba stood waving good-bye in her robe, with one arm resting on the mound of her belly as if it were a perfectly natural part of her body. Each time he thought of that moment, the last moment he saw Shoba pregnant, it was
the cab he remembered most, a station wagon, painted red with blue lettering. It was cavernous compared to their own car. Although Shukumar was six feet tall, with hands too big ever to rest comfortably in the pockets of his jeans, he felt dwarfed in the back
seat. As the cab sped down Beacon Street, he imagined a day when he and Shoba might need to buy a station wagon of their own, to cart their children back and forth from music lessons and dentist appointments. He imagined himself gripping the wheel, as Shoba turned around to hand the children juice boxes. Once, these images of parenthood had troubled Shukumar, adding to his anxiety that he was still a student at thirty-five. But that early autumn morning, the trees still heavy with bronze leaves, he welcomed the image for the first time. A member of the staff had found him somehow among the identical convention rooms and handed him a stiff square of stationery. It was only a telephone number, but Shukumar knew it was the hospital. When he returned to Boston it was over. The baby had been born dead. Shoba was lying on a bed, asleep, in a private room so small there was barely enough space to stand beside her, in a wing of the hospital they hadn’t been to on the tour for expectant parents. Her placenta had weakened and she’d had a cesarean, though not quickly enough. The doctor explained that these things happen. He smiled in the kindest way it was possible to smile at people known only professionally. Shoba would be back on her feet in a few weeks. There was nothing to indicate that she would not be able to have children in the future. These days Shoba was always gone by the time Shukumar woke up. He would open
his eyes and see the long black hairs she shed on her pillow and think of her, dressed, sipping her third cup of coffee already, in her office downtown, where she searched for typographical errors in textbooks and marked them, in a code she had once explained to him, with an assortment of colored pencils. She would do the same for his dissertation, she promised, when it was ready. He envied her the specificity of her task, so unlike the elusive nature of his. He was a mediocre student who had a facility for absorbing details without curiosity. Until September he had been diligent if not dedicated, summarizing chapters, outlining arguments on pads of yellow lined paper. But now he would lie in their bed until he grew bored, gazing at his side of the closet which Shoba always left partly open, at the row of tweed jackets and corduroy trousers he would not have to choose from to teach his classes that semester. After the baby died it was too late to withdraw from his teaching duties. But his adviser had arranged things so that he had the spring semester to himself. Shukumar was in his sixth year of graduate school. “That and the summer should give you a good push,” his adviser had said. “You should be able to wrap things up by next September.” But nothing was pushing Shukumar. Instead he thought of how he and Shoba had become experts at avoiding each other in their three-bedroom house, spending as much time on separate floors as possible. He thought of how he no longer looked forward to weekends, when she sat for hours on the sofa with her colored pencils and her files, so that he feared that putting on a record in his own house might be rude. He thought of how long it had been since she looked into his eyes and smiled, or whispered his name on those rare occasions they still reached for each other’s bodies before sleeping. In the beginning he had believed that it would pass, that he and Shoba would get
through it all somehow. She was only thirty-three. She was strong, on her feet again. But it wasn’t a consolation. It was often nearly lunchtime when Shukumar would finally pull himself out of bed and head downstairs to the coffeepot, pouring out the extra bit Shoba left for him, along with an empty mug, on the countertop.
Shukumar gathered onion skins in his hands and let them drop into the garbage pail, on top of the ribbons of fat he’d trimmed from the lamb. He ran the water in the sink, soaking the knife and the cutting board, and rubbed a lemon half along his fingertips to get rid of the garlic smell, a trick he’d learned from Shoba. It was seven-thirty. Through
the window he saw the sky, like soft black pitch. Uneven banks of snow still lined the sidewalks, though it was warm enough for people to walk about without hats or gloves. Nearly three feet had fallen in the last storm, so that for a week people had to walk single file, in narrow trenches. For a week that was Shukumar’s excuse for not leaving the house. But now the trenches were widening, and water drained steadily into grates in the pavement. “The lamb won’t be done by eight,” Shukumar said. “We may have to eat in the dark.” “We can light candles,” Shoba suggested. She unclipped her hair, coiled neatly at her nape during the days, and pried the sneakers from her feet without untying them. “I’m going to shower before the lights go,” she said, heading for the staircase. “I’llbe down.” Shukumar moved her satchel and her sneakers to the side of the fridge. She wasn’t
this way before. She used to put her coat on a hanger, her sneakers in the closet, and she paid bills as soon as they came. But now she treated the house as if it were a hotel. The fact that the yellow chintz armchair in the living room clashed with the blue-and- maroon Turkish carpet no longer bothered her. On the enclosed porch at the back of the house, a crisp white bag still sat on the wicker chaise, filled with lace she had once planned to turn into curtains. While Shoba showered, Shukumar went into the downstairs bathroom and found a new toothbrush in its box beneath the sink. The cheap, stiff bristles hurt his gums, and he spit some blood into the basin. The spare brush was one of many stored in a metal basket. Shoba had bought them once when they were on sale, in the event that a visitor decided, at the last minute, to spend the night. It was typical of her. She was the type to prepare for surprises, good and bad. If she found a skirt or a purse she liked she bought two. She kept the bonuses from her job in a separate bank account in her name. It hadn’t bothered him. His own mother had fallen to pieces when his father died, abandoning the house he grew up in and moving back to Calcutta, leaving Shukumar to settle it all. He liked that Shoba was different. It astonished him, her capacity to think ahead. When she used to do the shopping, the pantry was always stocked with extra bottles of olive and corn oil, depending on whether they were cooking Italian or Indian. There were countless boxes of pasta in all shapes and colors, zippered sacks of basmati rice, whole sides of lambs and goats from the Muslim butchers at Haymarket, chopped up and frozen in countless plastic bags. Every other Saturday they wound through the maze of stalls Shukumar eventually knew by heart. He watched in disbelief as she bought more food, trailing behind her with canvas bags as she pushed through the crowd, arguing under the morning sun with boys too young to shave but already missing teeth, who twisted up brown paper bags of artichokes, plums, gingerroot, and yams, and dropped them on their scales, and tossed them to Shoba one by one. She didn’t mind being jostled, even when she was pregnant. She was tall, and broad-shouldered, with hips that her obstetrician assured her were made for childbearing. During the drive back home, as the car curved along the Charles, they invariably marveled at how much food they’d bought. It never went to waste. When friends dropped by, Shoba would throw together meals
that appeared to have taken half a day to prepare, from things she had frozen and bottled, not cheap things in tins but peppers she had marinated herself with rosemary, and chutneys that she cooked on Sundays, stirring boiling pots of tomatoes and prunes. Her labeled mason jars lined the shelves of the kitchen, in sealed pyramids, enough, they’d agreed, to last for their grandchildren to taste. They’d eaten it all by now. Shukumar had been going through their supplies steadily, preparing meals for the two of them, measuring out cupfuls of rice, defrosting bags of meat day after day. He combed through her cookbooks every afternoon, following her penciled instructions to use two teaspoons of ground coriander seeds instead of one, or red lentils instead of yellow. Each of the recipes was dated, telling the first time they had eaten the dish
together. April 2, cauliflower with fennel. January 14, chicken with almonds and sultanas. He had no memory of eating those meals, and yet there they were, recorded in her neat proofreader’s hand. Shukumar enjoyed cooking now. It was the one thing that made him feel productive. If it weren’t for him, he knew, Shoba would eat a bowl of cereal for her dinner. Tonight, with no lights, they would have to eat together. For months now they’d served
themselves from the stove, and he’d taken his plate into his study, letting the meal grow cold on his desk before shoving it into his mouth without pause, while Shoba took her plate to the living room and watched game shows, or proofread files with her arsenal of colored pencils at hand. At some point in the evening she visited him. When he heard her approach he would put away his novel and begin typing sentences. She would rest her hands on his shoulders and stare with him into the blue glow of the computer screen. “Don’t work too hard, 
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