What does the word “accommodation” mean in biology as a type of adaptation? Please give an example. 2) Please describe the concept of a critical period of development, a
1) What does the word “accommodation” mean in biology as a type of adaptation? Please give an example.
2) Please describe the concept of a critical period of development, and give an example.
3) Please describe the differences between a race vs. a population approach to describing human biological variation.
4) Tell me one (1) way you could try to make a “superbaby.” In what challenging environment could you raise them, and how might they adapt?
5) Describe three (3) ways that the human skeleton has been modified for bipedalism.
6) Which is true about sex and reproduction in humans and apes?
Bonobo and chimpanzee males have much larger testes than human males.
The “missionary position” of copulation is very common in monkeys.
Human female breasts are small compared to other female primates’ breasts.
Regardless of culture, humans all over the world only practice monogamous marriages.
Which of these arguments supports the arboreal hypothesis of early primate evolution …
Binocular and stereoscopic vision would have helped improve primate depth perception.
Fingernails and opposable big toes and thumbs would have helped grasping.
A postorbital bar or postorbital closure would have protected the eyes.
All of the above.
None of the above.
The notion of “hypodescent” refers to:
inserting genetic material into cells using hypodermic needles
categorizing biracial children by the race of the parent who is of “lower” social status
tracking population movements over time using genetic data
the fact that humans and apes have descended from a common ancestor
Which of these is a developmental adaptation, found in people who have lived at high altitudes from an early age?
bigger spleens
expanded lung size and chest circumference
lactase persistence
shorter stature
An example of a behavioral or cultural adaptation is:
clothing
shivering
sweating
sickle cell anemia
all of the above
Which statement is true about tool use in apes?
Gibbons use sticks to “fish” for termites.
Chimpanzees can use leaves as napkins, toilet paper, and sponges to collect water.
Gorillas use tools just as often as chimpanzees do.
An orangutan named “Jim” used a “sonic weapon” to scare other orangutans around him
Which of these is one of the “key human features” found in our species:
humans have more teeth than apes do
today, there are about 4 billion people in the world
compared to apes, we are much worse at throwing objects
compared to apes, humans are much better at endurance running for long distances
According to the fetal origins hypothesis, malnutrition in the prenatal and infancy periods can increase the risk for _____________ in adulthood:
obesity
high blood pressure
diabetes
heart attacks
none of the above
all of the above
Hmong people (from southeast Asia) sometimes have blonde hair. This is an example of:
gene flow, as the genes for blonde hair came from European missionaries
genes being inherited independently of each other, rather than in consistent neat packages (ex. blonde hair and blue eyes)
the effect of environment on phenotype, as blonde Hmong use hair dye
why the Hmong deserve to be categorized as their own race
Which is true about how tarsiers are classified in taxonomy? They can be classified …
… as anthropoids or as haplorhines
… as anthropoids or as strepsirhines
…as prosimians or as haplorhines
…as prosimians or as strepsirhines
Which is true about the Haenyo divers of Jeju island, South Korea?
Most started training for the job after graduating from college at around 22 yrs old.
The vast majority are old women (average age ~75 yrs).
They have a genetic adaptation for larger lung size that allows them to stay under water for six minutes.
Most have developed an adaptation to cold, allowing them to stay in the water for up to 3 hours.
The vast majority are young men (average age ~25 yrs old).
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