Chapter 1 Energy Transfer in the Biosphere Biosphere – The places that make up Earth; Atmosphere(Air), lithosphere(Land), hydrosphere(Water) Food chains and Food Webs – P

Hey! I need help i have a bio final next week and I need to study. I need you to create a small description or definition of each item that is below:
I have given 2 examples below – biosphere and Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration
Chapter 1 Energy Transfer in the Biosphere
Biosphere – The places that make up Earth; Atmosphere(Air), lithosphere(Land), hydrosphere(Water)
Food chains and Food Webs –
Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration –
Cellular respiration; C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) ?? 6CO2(g) + 6H2O + Energy
Photosynthesis; 6C02(g) + 6H2O + light energy ?? C6H12O(s) + 6O2(g)
Chemosynthetic –
How does energy enter and transform
Laws of thermodynamics
Tropic levels
Ecological pyramids /Energy pyramids/Pyramid of Biomass/pyramid of numbers
Consumer type- primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Heterotrophic, autotrophs, decomposers, producers, consumers
Chapter 2 Cycling of Matter
Calcium cycle
Carbon cycle
Sulfur cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Hydrologic cycle- Properties of water- polarity, density, surface tension, cohesion, adhesion, heat capacity, different states and how they change into different states, metabolic water, how organisms gain and lose water
How disruption of one cycle affects another
Aerobic and anerobic processes
Balance of matter and energy- natural and human affects
Slow and rapid cycling
Biomagnification

Chapter 3 Ecosystems and Diversity
Mitosis and Meiosis
Abiotic and Biotic
Population, Habitat, Ecosystem, Niche, Community
Biome
Taxonomy
Speciation
Trait
Adaptation
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Dichotomous Keys
climate
range
biodiversity
limiting factor
samples
transect and quadrat
density

Chapter 4 Population Changes
Mutation
Adaptation
variation
biological species
selective advantage
natural selection
selective pressure
theory of evolution by natural selection
paleontology
inheritance of acquired characteristics
fossil record
transitional fossils
biogeography
homologous structures
analogous structures
Contributions of: Lamarck, Leclerc, Lyell, Buffon, Cuvier, Darwin, Wallace, Aristotle, Plato
Embryology, molecular biology, and genetics
Geographical area and barriers, punctuated equilibrium, speciation, biological barriers, adaptive radiation, gradualism, punctuated equilibrium

Chapter 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
chloroplast
thylakoids
mitochondria
metabolism
reducing power
ADP
ATP
Pyruvate
compare and summarize the essential features of chloroplasts and mitochondria in relation to the role of photosynthesis in storing energy and the role of cellular respiration in releasing energy
summarize and explain the role of ATP in cellular metabolism
Aerobic and anerobic respiration, fermentation
how pigments absorb light energy and transfer it as reducing power in NADPH
how chemiosmosis converts the reducing power of NADH and FADH2 to the chemical potential of ATP
describe where the energy transfer processes take place in chloroplasts
how scientific knowledge may lead to the development of new technologies
photosynthetic mechanisms
light-dependent reactions
light-independent reactions
electron transport system
photosystems
chemiosmosis
carbon dioxide fixation
Calvin-Benson cycle
How carbohydrates are oxidized by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to produce reducing power in NADH and FADH2 and chemical potential in ATP
the action of metabolic toxins such as hydrogen sulfide and cyanide
glycolysis
electron transport system

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