Analyze how calcium and phosphate are hormonally regulated and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation and treatments for hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
DQ1 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Analyze how calcium and phosphate are hormonally regulated and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation and treatments for hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
Describe the clinical manifestations, similarities, and differences of the following vitamin deficiencies: niacin, riboflavin (B2), thiamine (B1), folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid (B5), biotin, vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin E, vitamin A, and vitamin D.
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Discuss how and when each of the buffer systems responds to compensate/correct for acid-base imbalances.
DQ2 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Discuss the inherited mutation genes BRCA and BRCA 2, their prevalence, risks for different cancers, and recommended surveillance screenings for those with a confirmed genetically inherited mutation. What are your thoughts on genetic testing?
Discuss the inherited disorders familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, their prevalence, responsible genes, and screening recommendations for those confirmed with the inherited gene.
Analyze the evidence regarding the contribution of genetics and/or environment for obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, alcoholism, and schizophrenia. In the case of obesity, what impact does it have in our society today?
NURS530 Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Week 2 Discussion
DQ1 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Describe autoimmunity and the process by which the body develops a hyperimmune or hypersensitive reaction to its own tissues. Consider lupus. It has been found that those living with lupus are at higher risk for other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Explore this interrelationship, known as overlap diseases, in the following website, Molly’s Fund and discuss the implications for care.
Describe active versus passive immunity and provide an example of each. Define antibody or immunoglobulin and describe the five molecular classes of immunoglobulins and their function(s) in the body by providing a pathologic example for an increase of each immunoglobulin (e.g., IgE—parasitic infection). Why are some viruses inaccessible to antibodies after initial infection?
Describe and discuss transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS.
DQ2 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Describe how normal cells go through the process of transformation into cancer cells. How is this process different from DNA mutations associated with genetic disease? Review this article on genetics and identify how the mutations differ.
Stress and Disease: Describe the physiologic effects on body systems of increased cortisol levels released during the stress response.
Review the current research evidence from credible, scholarly sources and summarize the results of the effects and health risks of electromagnetic radiation (from cellular and cordless telephones, microwaves, computers, fluorescent lights, radar, and electronic equipment).
NURS530 Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Week 3 Discussion
DQ1 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Consider the impact of spinal cord injury and the potential scope of lifetime disability and sequelae associated with spinal cord injury. The greatest challenge facing the neuroscience community involves developing therapy that will allow damaged nerve tissue to be regrown and regenerated. Reflect on this article and discuss the importance of Schwann cells and their impact on damaged axons.
Describe the genetic components, pathophysiology, and major neurologic features of neurofibromatosis, Cri du chat syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, and Parkinson disease (early onset).
Define dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation and treatment.
DQ2Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Consider the following scenario: Your patient has suffered from schizophrenia for two decades and has received classic dopaminergic treatments since the onset of illness. The latest research supporting use of the glutamatergic model has not been tried on your patient, and there is an opportunity for your patient to enter clinical trials utilizing glutamate-based treatments. Your patient suffers significant executive function impairment and memory impairment. Do you recommend participation in the clinical trial? Why or why not?
Discuss the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)—thrombotic, embolic, hemorrhagic, and lacunar—their incidence and prevalence, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment.
Discuss the characteristics of common headaches—migraine, cluster, and tension—and describe their evaluation and treatment options. What prevention strategies would you advise?
NURS530 Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Week 4 Discussion
DQ1 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Consider the long-term effects of hyperglycemia as seen in poorly controlled diabetes. Consider factors that lead to good or poor compliance in regimens designed to decrease hyperglycemia and improve health outcomes in diabetics. Review this article and identify the key factors that can interfere with compliance.
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of two diseases of the posterior pituitary–syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and diabetes insipidus (DI).
Discuss Grave’s Disease and the systemic manifestations and treatment of hyperthyroidism. Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of hypothyroidism.
DQ2 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Discuss common causes of galactorrhea and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of galactorrhea.
Describe benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of BPH.
NURS530 Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Week 5 Discussion
DQ1 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Describe childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and G6PD deficiency and the incidence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of each.
Describe the morphology of erythrocytes, the mechanism, and primary cause of the following anemias: Pernicious anemia, folate deficiency anemia, iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia.
Describe the most common causes and provide examples for neutrophilia, neutropenia, eosinophilia (i.e., eosinophilia caused by asthma, hay fever, or parasitic infection), eosinopenia, basophilia, monocytosis, monocytopenia, lymphocytosis, and lymphocytopenia.
DQ2 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Discuss the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the links to dyslipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle. Review the current scholarly literature, and describe the markers and testing of cardiovascular risk and prevention and treatment recommendations.
Describe the pathophysiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, and discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation (include the revised Jones Criteria), and treatment of rheumatic fever.
Review and summarize the Joint National Committee (JNC) recommendations for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Review the recommendations made by the American Diabetes Association’s 2016 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes for the control of high blood pressure and summarize the treatment recommendations.
NURS530 Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Week 6 Discussion
DQ1 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of cystic fibrosis. Discuss the potential impact of gene therapy on CF and the ethical dimensions in treating this life-limiting disease.
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of asthma (include the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines).
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of tuberculosis or pneumonia.
DQ2 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Summarize acute kidney injury (AKI), include the RIFLE criteria for acute renal dysfunction/failure, and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment.
Describe the stages of chronic kidney disease, and summarize the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment.
Discuss common causes of acute pyelonephritis, and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment.
NURS530 Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Week 7 Discussion
DQ1 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Describe the pathophysiology of celiac disease, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment. What are the differences between non-celiac gluten sensitivity and celiac disease?
What trends, if any, have you noticed among the following conditions? Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and gastritis.
Describe the chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease), and summarize the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment recommendations for each.
DQ2 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Review this Mayo Clinic interview. Define fibromyalgia and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment. Comment on advances in diagnosis and management of this disorder that debunk the idea that the disorder is “in the patient’s head.”
Define osteoporosis and describe the risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, prevention, and treatment.
Describe osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment for each.
NURS530 Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Week 8 Discussion
DQ1 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of atopic dermatitis, impetigo contagiosum, tinea capitis, thrush, and molluscum contagiosum.
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment(s) for psoriasis, lichen planus, pemphigus, seborrheic keratosis, and actinic keratosis.
Describe the incubation periods, onset of prodromal symptoms, duration, and characteristics of rashes and other clinical symptoms of the following viral diseases: rubella (German measles), rubeola (measles), roseola (exanthema subitum), and varicella (chickenpox). List the CDC-recommended childhood vaccination schedule applicable.
DQ2 Select one of the following discussion prompts to address:
Describe multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and summarize the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment.
Describe the characteristics of first-, second-, and third-degree burns and the rule of nines assessment tool to estimate burn percentages. Discuss the recommended strategies for initial and maintenance fluid replacement after a major burn injury.
Summarize the causes, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment for cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, and septic shock.
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