Pharmacokinetic factors that affect prescribing include:

Steady state is:

 

1. The point on the drug concentration curve when absorption exceeds excretion

 

2. When the amount of drug in the body remains constant

 

3. When the amount of drug in the body stays below the minimum toxic concentration

 

4. All of the above

 

Question 2

 

The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% is called:

 

1.Steady state

 

2. Half-life

 

3. Phase II metabolism

 

4. Reduced bioavailability time

 

Question 3

 

Pharmacokinetic factors that affect prescribing include:

 

1. Therapeutic index

 

2. Minimum effective concentration

 

3. Bioavailability

 

4. Ease of titration

 

Question 4

 

Under new U.S. Food and Drug Administration labeling, pregnancy categories have been:

 

1.Strengthened with a new coding such as C+ or C- to discern when a drug is more or less toxic to the fetus

 

2. Changed to incorporate a pregnancy risk summary and clinical considerations on the drug label

 

3. Eliminated, and replaced with a link to the National Library of Medicine TOXNET Web site for in-depth information regarding pregnancy concerns

 

4. Clarified to include information such as safe dosages in each trimester of pregnancy

 

Question 5

 

Precautions that should be taken when prescribing controlled substances include:

 

1. Faxing the prescription for a Schedule II drug directly to the pharmacy

 

2.Using tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs

 

3.Keeping any pre-signed prescription pads in a locked drawer in the clinic

 

4.Using only numbers to indicate the amount of drug to be prescribed

 

Question 6

 

Phase IV clinical trials in the United States are also known as:

 

1.Human bioavailability trials

 

2. Postmarketing research

 

3. Human safety and efficacy studies

 

4. The last stage of animal trials before the human trials begin

 

Question 7

 

A provider may consider testing for CYP2D6 variants prior to starting tamoxifen for breast cancer to:

 

1. Ensure the patient will not have increased adverse drug reactions to the tamoxifen

 

2. Identify potential drug–drug interactions that may occur with tamoxifen

 

3. Reduce the likelihood of therapeutic failure with tamoxifen treatment

 

4. Identify poor metabolizers of tamoxifen

 

Question 8

 

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by a drug such as quinidine may lead to:

 

1. Decreased therapeutic levels of quinidine

 

2. Increased therapeutic levels of quinidine

 

3. Decreased levels of a coadministered drug, such as digoxin, that requires P-glycoprotein for absorption and elimination

 

4. Increased levels of a coadministered drug, such as digoxin, that requires P-glycoprotein for absorption and elimination

 

Question 9

 

Infants and young children are at higher risk of developing antibiotic-resistant infections due to:

 

1.Developmental differences in pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics in children

 

2.The fact that children this age are more likely to be in daycare and exposed to pathogens from other children

 

3. Parents of young children insisting on preventive antibiotics so they don’t miss work when their child is sick

 

4. Immunosuppression from the multiple vaccines they receive in the first two years of life

 

Question 10

 

When prescribing metronidazole (Flagyl) to treat bacterial vaginosis, patient education would include:

 

1.Metronidazole is safe in the first trimester of pregnancy.

 

2. Consuming alcohol in any form may cause a severe reaction.

 

3.Sexual partners need concurrent therapy.

 

4.Headaches are a sign of a serious adverse reaction and need immediate evaluation.

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