Essential fat (not including sex-specific fat) contributes about what percentage of body mass?

Essential fat (not including sex-specific fat) contributes about what percentage of body mass?

 

 

 

3% to 5%

 

8% to 10%

 

1% to 2%

 

13% to 15%

 

 

 

The energy required for the processes of digestion and absorption is known as:

 

metabolic rate.

 

the thermic effect of food.

 

the energy density of food.

 

gastrointestinal tract.

 

 

 

People in the precontemplation stage are more likely to make dietary changes if there is/are:

 

perceived susceptibility to and seriousness of a health problem.

 

perceived benefits of dietary change.

 

cues to action.

 

all of the above

 

A and B

 

 

 

Dietary fat provides ____ kilocalories per gram (kcals/g), compared with ____ kcals/g for carbohydrates and proteins.

 

9; 4

 

4; 7

 

7; 5

 

4; 9

 

 

 

 

 

Approximately what fraction of a person’s body fat is stored as subcutaneous fat?

 

1/5

 

1/4

 

1/3

 

½

 

 

 

Some research suggests that people who develop ____ have lower body mass indexes and are more successful in not overeating than “dieters,” people temporarily following a food-restriction plan.

 

binge eating habits

 

dietary restraint

 

realistic goals

 

autonomy

 

 

 

Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are examples of what?

 

Vitamins

 

Trace minerals

 

Antioxidants

 

Macrominerals

 

 

 

The behavior of people who resume a behavior that they are trying to avoid after a period of abstinence is referred to as:

 

behavior-change failure.

 

a setback incident.

 

a relapse.

 

re-engagementbehavior.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

When insulin receptors on cell membranes do not respond well to insulin, the condition is called:

 

insulin resistance.

 

insulin rejecting.

 

insulin retardant.

 

insulin deficient.

 

 

 

Which nutrients are beneficial for bone health?

 

Vitamin D

 

Calcium

 

Vitamin K

 

All of the above

 

A and B

 

 

 

Close relationships can sway people to consume certain types of foods and participate in physical activity, or to be inactive. This is an example of what level of behavioral influence?

 

Interpersonal

 

Intrapersonal

 

Organizational

 

 

 

Genetics may influence obesity in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

 

Genes may influence resting metabolic rate and the rate at which certain energy-expending biochemical reactions occur in the body.

 

Genes may influence individual experiences of hunger and satiety and preferences for certain foods.

 

People vary in tendencies to sit for long periods of time, or inability to sit still for more than a few minutes, and thus in nonexercise activity thermogenesis.

 

Genes may influence whether or not insulin is required for blood glucose regulation.

 

Community

 

 

 

 

 

When the body becomes too acidic, bone tissue releases minerals to buffer the excess acids. Over time, a slow-but-steady loss of bone mineral can result in what condition?

 

Low bone density/osteoporosis

 

Type 2 diabetes

 

Heart disease

 

Macular degeneration

 

 

 

Steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cancers, pancreatitis, and immune system damage are all potential health risks of what behavior?

 

Drinking alcohol

 

Texting while driving

 

Smoking

 

Drinking coffee

 

 

 

Which eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of eating very large volumes of food, while feeling a lack of control over one’s ability to stop eating?

 

Bulimia nervosa

 

Pica

 

Binge-eating disorder

 

Anorexia nervosa

 

 

 

is characterized by binge eating along with harmful compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, including self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, and other drugs; fasting; or excessive exercise.

 

bulimia nervosa

 

anorexia nervosa

 

aggressive eating

 

stress-related eating

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following is not a potential effect of regular alcohol or marijuana use in the teenage years?

 

Less efficient brain functioning

 

Improved planning and problem solving

 

Diminished performance in attention and visual and spatial functioning

 

Reduced size of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex areas

 

 

 

 functions include abilities that are critical for behavior change—such as planning, organizing, problem-solving, and regulating one’s behavior and emotions—and they are essential for making the decision to change behaviors and to sustain one’s motivation for change.

 

Parietal lobe

 

Brain stem

 

Executive cognitive

 

Cerebellum

 

 

 

For which of the following substances is any level of use or performance not safe and beneficial?

 

Exercise

 

Alcohol

 

Cigarettes

 

Internet use

 

 

 

substance dependence is the compulsive use of:

 

chemicals such as drugs and alcohol.

 

hair products.

 

things with importance or practical value.

 

money.

 

 

 

Health and fitness professionals should encourage clients to limit ____ in order to avoid being inundated by images of unrealistic “body models.” People soak up these impressions at both conscious and subconscious levels.

 

 

 

travel

 

exposure to media

 

shopping excursions

 

spa visits

 

 

 

Kim, a fitness instructor, has a client, Eliza, who is trying to quit smoking. Eliza does not show up for the second week of an exercise class. Kim learns through the grapevine that Eliza has started smoking again and is too embarrassed to come to class.

 

Which of the following should Kim avoid when advising Eliza?

 

Kim can listen to Eliza’s story and try to find out what Eliza’s autonomous motivation for quitting smoking might be.

 

Kim should encourage Eliza to return to class and to join the smoking-cessation group at the community center.

 

Kim should emphasize to Eliza that quitting smoking is an individual task, and because Kim is not a smoker, she can’t be of much help.

 

Kim can assure Eliza that many people have to try several times before quitting successfully, and let her know of various methods for quitting.

 

 

 

Exercise addiction that occurs without other symptoms of eating disorders is known as ____________________. Excessive exercise often occurs as part of a larger constellation of disordered-eating behaviors. In this case, it is known as ____________________.

 

primary exercise addiction; secondary exercise addiction

 

primary exercise addiction; tertiary exercise addiction

 

secondary exercise addiction; primary exercise addiction

 

tertiary exercise addiction; primary exercise addiction

 

 

 

What public health practice often focuses on preventing negative health behaviors by teaching people about the risks associated with the behavior?

 

Flu vaccinations

 

Health education

 

Epidemiological studies

 

Food programs for the poor

 

Use, abuse, and addiction are considered to be ____ that represent(s) the idea that people’s relationships with potentially addictive substances and behaviors can be somewhat fluid.

 

staticbehaviors

 

on a continuum

 

social control problems

 

areward pathways

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