In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court

 In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court

reaffirmed its reliance on the concept of an evolving standard of decency and held that it would be cruel and unusual punishment to execute a juvenile who had been under the age of 18 at the time he committed murder.

reaffirmed its holding in Atkinsthat mental retardation did not excuse murder, affirming the death penalty sentence in both cases.

held that under the basic principles of federalism, it was for each state to decide whether or not the execution of juveniles violated the Constitution’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.

held that because there was only hearsay evidence that the 17-year-old had committed the murder, his death sentence should be commuted to life in prison.

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