The idea that memories are stored across the brain as a whole is called the:

Question 1Neurotransmitters are:

 

  the part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.

 

  types of neurons that connect other neurons together.

 

  types of neurons that have pyramid-shaped cell bodies.

 

  chemical substances that carry messages between neurons.

 

 Question 2The idea that memories are stored across the brain as a whole is called the:

 

  localization theory.

 

  theory of equipotentiality.

 

  phrenology theory.

 

  engram theory.

 

 Question 3Which field involves the study of patients with specific types of brain damage in order to learn about the relation between brain function and behavior?

 

  neuropsychology

 

  synaptic plasticity

 

  neurophysiology

 

  functional neuroimaging

 

 Question 4After a neuron fires, there is a brief period during which it is unable to fire again. This is called the _____ period.

 

  reuptake

 

  postsynaptic

 

  refractory

 

  inactivation

 

 Question 5The Bell–Magendie law:

 

  proposes one nerve system for sensing and another for responding.

 

  applies to the brainstem but not to the spinal cord.

 

  applies to the central nervous system but not to the peripheral nervous system.

 

  proposes that the brain is divided into two hemispheres.

 

 Question 6Molecules on the surface of the postsynaptic cell that bind with and respond to neurotransmitters are called:

 

  glia.

 

  receptors.

 

  synapses.

 

  neuromodulators.

 

 Question 7Which cells provide functional and structural support to neurons?

 

  pyramidal cells

 

  glia

 

  interneurons

 

  stellate cells

 

 Question 8In comparison to the fMRI, the EEG technique:

 

  has better spatial precision.

 

  is better at measuring metabolic activity in the brain.

 

  gives less precise information about rapid changes in the brain.

 

  is less expensive.

 

 Question 9According to the Bell–Magendie law of neural specialization:

 

  the spinal cord has one nerve system for sensing and another nerve system for responding.

 

  the brain plays a major role in reflexes like the “knee-jerk” response to a doctor’s rubber mallet.

 

  reflexes are caused by spirits flowing from the brain into the muscles.

 

  spinal reflexes can be combined into complex sequences of movements that are the basis of all behavior.

 

 Question 10The nervous system is:

 

  mainly involved in cooling the blood.

 

  a relatively simple anatomical system.

 

  devoted to the distribution and processing of information.

 

  considered the seat of learning and memory.

 

 Question 11In vertebrates, the nervous system is divided into the:

 

  central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

 

  parietal lobe and occipital lobe.

 

  cerebellum and brainstem.

 

  brain and neurons.

 

 Question 12Incoming sensory information is passed from the thalamus to the:

 

  muscles.

 

  spinal cord.

 

  primary sensory cortices.

 

  primary motor cortex.

 

 Question 13If a friend pats you on the back, the neurons that carry the information from the touch receptors on your back to your brain are part of the:

 

  right hemisphere.

 

  central nervous system.

 

  peripheral nervous system.

 

  left hemisphere.

 

 Question 14If a researcher uses an EEG to measure the brain’s response to a visual stimulus, neurons other than those that respond to visual stimuli will also be active. How do researchers determine which neurons are responding only to the visual stimulus?

 

  They measure the activity of just one neuron at a time.

 

  They take the average of several EEGs.

 

  They make sure to present only a visual stimulus and nothing else.

 

  They present the visual stimulus at a very high intensity.

 

 Question 15When one opens a door, which part of the brain is responsible for sending signals to the arm muscles, causing one to open the door?

 

  frontal cortex

 

  M1 (motor cortex)

 

  basal ganglia and cerebellum

 

  V1 (visual cortex)

 

 Question 16What is the other name for the cell body of a neuron?

 

  dendrite

 

  synapse

 

  axon

 

  soma

 

 Question 17The part of cerebral cortex that is important for processing auditory information is the _____ lobe.

 

  frontal

 

  occipital

 

  temporal

 

  parietal

 

 Question 18Long-term potentiation is when:

 

  a recent strong stimulus causes a neuron to over-respond to a subsequent stimulus.

 

  neurons respond in the absence of a stimulus.

 

  neurons continue to respond long after a stimulus has been removed.

 

  a strong stimulus leads to a weaker-than-normal response in a neuron.

 

 Question 19Single-cell recordings:

 

  have been used to demonstrate cells that are “tuned” to particular body movements.

 

  are very uncomfortable for animals when electrodes are implanted into their brains.

 

  are taken from the surface of an animal’s brain.

 

  are used to determine the activity in large regions of the brain.

 

 Question 20When synaptic transmission becomes less effective as a result of recent activity, it is known as:

 

  long-term depression.

 

  long-term potentiation.

 

  retrograde potentiation.

 

  inhibition.

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