Public health is best described as efforts to reduce disease and enhance wellness of entire populations by means of

1  of 20

Public health is best described as efforts to reduce disease and enhance wellness of entire populations by means of

 

  establishing universal health coverage.

  making the government responsible for the health of all people.

  shifting communal and social arrangements.

Question

 

2  of 20

 

 

 

Because the employees at Industrial Associates do not have insurance, they miss work frequently and are less productive. This is an example of

 

  tax deductions available under ACA.

  indirect costs of the uninsured.

  direct costs of the uninsured.

Question

 

3  of 20

 

 

 

An illness that is the end result of several different factors, such as age, genetics, health habits, stress, and other factors (e.g., hypertension), is best referred to as a

 

  public-health threat.

  medical mystery.

  multifactorial illness.

Question

 

4  of 20

 

 

 

American physicians provided $5.1 billion in uncompensated medical care in 2001. This is an example of

 

  tax deductions available under ACA.

  indirect costs of the uninsured.

  direct costs of the uninsured.

Question

 

5  of 20

 

 

 

Which of the following is most true regarding the government’s direct costs for the uninsured?

 

  State and local governments contribute very little to offset these costs since this is a federal responsibility.

  Ultimately, none of this money comes from taxpayers, so one need not worry about this cost.

  All of the uninsured qualified for Medicaid, so these monies were paid in the form of Medicaid reimbursements.

  In the early 2000s, the federal government paid nearly $19.9 billion to offset these costs.

  Medical facilities are rarely forced to shut down or convert to for-profit facilities due to losses incurred by serving the uninsured.

Question

 

6  of 20

 

 

 

What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on racial and ethnic disparities in health care according to some studies?

 

  Increased disparities

  Decreased disparities

  No change

Question

 

7  of 20

 

 

 

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has reduced the number of minorities without insurance.

 

  True

  False

Question

 

8  of 20

 

 

 

Which of the following is a federal law enacted in 2010 with the intent of improving access to quality health care for all Americans while reducing costs?

 

  Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act

  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

  Paperwork Reduction Act

Question

 

9  of 20

 

 

 

The process for prioritizing treatment based on severity of illness and likelihood to benefit, typically used in an emergency or crisis, is best referred to as

 

  triage.

  macroallocation.

  cost-shifting.

Question

 

10  of 20

 

 

 

A 12-year-old who is unable to breathe due to an asthma attack requires an inhaler. This is best described as a(n)

 

  inherent need.

  socially induced need.

  legally protected human right.

Question

 

11  of 20

 

 

 

Despite its challenges to the concept of autonomy, which portion of the ACA was upheld by the Supreme Court?

 

  Individual mandate

  Medicaid expansion

  Appropriations to reduce deductibles

Question

 

12  of 20

 

 

 

Needs that arise due to social arrangements and expectations, such as the need for a car or indoor plumbing, are best referred to as

 

  inherent needs.

  socially induced needs.

  human rights.

Question

 

13  of 20

 

 

 

What is a frequent result of receiving inadequate treatment for chronic conditions?

 

  Patients end up qualifying for research studies and receiving the latest treatments.

  Chronic conditions often escalate to crises requiring very expensive medical care.

  Typically, the conditions resolve on their own.

Question

 

14  of 20

 

 

 

Ethical distribution must provide for

 

  priorities and a system of allocating resources in light of political and economic realities.

  equal health care for all people regardless of their medical condition or ability to pay.

  equal outcomes for all groups regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, or class.

Question

 

15  of 20

 

 

 

The U.S. Congress gave the Department of Veterans Affairs more than $50 billion in 2016. This is best considered an example of

 

  allocation.

  misappropriation.

  deliberation.

Question

 

16  of 20

 

 

 

Suzie is in active labor, and although she doesn’t have insurance, the hospital is required to admit her for services until 48 hours after delivery because of which law?

 

  EMTALA

  ACA

  COBRA

Question

 

17  of 20

 

 

 

The 1986 law intended to reduce the dumping of uninsured patients by transferring them to public health-care facilities is known as the

 

  Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act.

  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

  Paperwork Reduction Act.

Question

 

18  of 20

 

 

 

Many Americans seems to have exaggerated ideas of the power of health care and medical knowledge because

 

  the medical community has been deceiving Americans about their powers.

  Americans hold mistaken beliefs about science in general.

  Americans watch too much TV, which gives them the wrong idea.

1  of 20

 

 

 

Public health is best described as efforts to reduce disease and enhance wellness of entire populations by means of

 

  establishing universal health coverage.

  making the government responsible for the health of all people.

  shifting communal and social arrangements.

Question

 

2  of 20

 

 

 

Because the employees at Industrial Associates do not have insurance, they miss work frequently and are less productive. This is an example of

 

  tax deductions available under ACA.

  indirect costs of the uninsured.

  direct costs of the uninsured.

Question

 

3  of 20

 

 

 

An illness that is the end result of several different factors, such as age, genetics, health habits, stress, and other factors (e.g., hypertension), is best referred to as a

 

  public-health threat.

  medical mystery.

  multifactorial illness.

Question

 

4  of 20

 

 

 

American physicians provided $5.1 billion in uncompensated medical care in 2001. This is an example of

 

  tax deductions available under ACA.

  indirect costs of the uninsured.

  direct costs of the uninsured.

Question

 

5  of 20

 

 

 

Which of the following is most true regarding the government’s direct costs for the uninsured?

 

  State and local governments contribute very little to offset these costs since this is a federal responsibility.

  Ultimately, none of this money comes from taxpayers, so one need not worry about this cost.

  All of the uninsured qualified for Medicaid, so these monies were paid in the form of Medicaid reimbursements.

  In the early 2000s, the federal government paid nearly $19.9 billion to offset these costs.

  Medical facilities are rarely forced to shut down or convert to for-profit facilities due to losses incurred by serving the uninsured.

Question

 

6  of 20

 

 

 

What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on racial and ethnic disparities in health care according to some studies?

 

  Increased disparities

  Decreased disparities

  No change

Question

 

7  of 20

 

 

 

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has reduced the number of minorities without insurance.

 

  True

  False

Question

 

8  of 20

 

 

 

Which of the following is a federal law enacted in 2010 with the intent of improving access to quality health care for all Americans while reducing costs?

 

  Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act

  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

  Paperwork Reduction Act

Question

 

9  of 20

 

 

 

The process for prioritizing treatment based on severity of illness and likelihood to benefit, typically used in an emergency or crisis, is best referred to as

 

  triage.

  macroallocation.

  cost-shifting.

Question

 

10  of 20

 

 

 

A 12-year-old who is unable to breathe due to an asthma attack requires an inhaler. This is best described as a(n)

 

  inherent need.

  socially induced need.

  legally protected human right.

Question

 

11  of 20

 

 

 

Despite its challenges to the concept of autonomy, which portion of the ACA was upheld by the Supreme Court?

 

  Individual mandate

  Medicaid expansion

  Appropriations to reduce deductibles

Question

 

12  of 20

 

 

 

Needs that arise due to social arrangements and expectations, such as the need for a car or indoor plumbing, are best referred to as

 

  inherent needs.

  socially induced needs.

  human rights.

Question

 

13  of 20

 

 

 

What is a frequent result of receiving inadequate treatment for chronic conditions?

 

  Patients end up qualifying for research studies and receiving the latest treatments.

  Chronic conditions often escalate to crises requiring very expensive medical care.

  Typically, the conditions resolve on their own.

Question

 

14  of 20

 

 

 

Ethical distribution must provide for

 

  priorities and a system of allocating resources in light of political and economic realities.

  equal health care for all people regardless of their medical condition or ability to pay.

  equal outcomes for all groups regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, or class.

Question

 

15  of 20

 

 

 

The U.S. Congress gave the Department of Veterans Affairs more than $50 billion in 2016. This is best considered an example of

 

  allocation.

  misappropriation.

  deliberation.

Question

 

16  of 20

 

 

 

Suzie is in active labor, and although she doesn’t have insurance, the hospital is required to admit her for services until 48 hours after delivery because of which law?

 

  EMTALA

  ACA

  COBRA

Question

 

17  of 20

 

 

 

The 1986 law intended to reduce the dumping of uninsured patients by transferring them to public health-care facilities is known as the

 

  Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act.

  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

  Paperwork Reduction Act.

Question

 

18  of 20

 

 

 

Many Americans seems to have exaggerated ideas of the power of health care and medical knowledge because

 

  the medical community has been deceiving Americans about their powers.

  Americans hold mistaken beliefs about science in general.

  Americans watch too much TV, which gives them the wrong idea.

Question

 

19  of 20

 

 

 

A 57-year-old who is insecure about appearances feels the need for a facelift. This is best described as a(n)

 

  inherent need.

  socially induced need.

  legally protected human right.

Question

 

20  of 20

 

 

 

Which of the following best describes the concept of “contribution” in an ethics of distribution as described by Baillie et al. (2013)?

 

  The political and social health of a society relies primarily upon the economic contributions of its citizens.

  Economic contribution is the most important factor in determining who deserves health care.

  Individuals create a variety of social and political goods that enrich society, and these should be taken into account.

Question

 

19  of 20

 

 

 

A 57-year-old who is insecure about appearances feels the need for a facelift. This is best described as a(n)

 

  inherent need.

  socially induced need.

  legally protected human right.

Question

 

20  of 20

 

 

 

Which of the following best describes the concept of “contribution” in an ethics of distribution as described by Baillie et al. (2013)?

 

  The political and social health of a society relies primarily upon the economic contributions of its citizens.

  Economic contribution is the most important factor in determining who deserves health care.

  Individuals  of social and political goods that enrich society, and these should be taken into account.

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