Compare active natural immunity and passive artificial immunity, describing the causative mechanism and giving an example.
Compare active natural immunity and passive artificial immunity, describing the causative mechanism and giving an example.
Predict three reasons why the immune system might not respond correctly to foreign material in the body. What can happen when this occurs?
What is the purpose of a booster vaccination? Give an example and how an allergic reaction might occur in this situation.
Describe the purpose of gamma globulins. Will this affect an individual who receives massive transfusions? Why or why not?
Explain the purpose of including allergies in a health history. Why is it important to update at every visit?
Predict why a person usually has chickenpox only once in a lifetime but may have influenza many times. How would you describe this to a patient’s mother who is hesitant to receive a varicella vaccine? What about to an elderly patient hesitant to receive an influenza vaccine?
Explain why a newborn infant is protected from infection by the measles virus immediately after birth but later will be given the measles vaccine. How does this relate to prenatal care?
Team B: Abnormal Immune Response
Explain the process by which an attack of hay fever follows exposure to pollen. How do treatments for hay fever relate to this process?
Explain why anaphylaxis is considered life threatening and describe the mechanism in which anaphylaxis occurs. How does treatment for anaphylaxis relate to this process?
Differentiate between a diagnosis of being HIV+ and a diagnosis of having AIDS. How might you explain this to a patient?
Describe the pathophysiology of a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Give an example and describe possible treatment options.
Identify one autoimmune disease and explain how the causative mechanism differs from a normal defense.
Why are opportunistic infections common with AIDS? Give two examples and why these are less common in immunocompetent patients?
State three methods of transmitting HIV and three methods by which the virus is not transmitted. How would you explain this an adolescent?
Team C: Infection
Explain why a person whose blood test shows an abnormally low leukocyte count should be given an antimicrobial drug before a tooth extraction. Give one example of a condition where this prophylaxis would be indicated.
Explain how routine laboratory tests might not show the presence of mycoplasma, rickettsia, or protozoans in the body. How are these microbes best detected?
Compare the prodromal period with the acute period of infection, using your own experience as an example (perhaps the last time you had a cold).
List three local signs of infection and three systemic signs; explain what is causing these signs. Are these objective or subjective findings?
Describe two mechanisms by which antibacterial drugs act on microorganisms. Explain the benefit of narrow-spectrum over broad-spectrum drugs.
Explain why secondary bacterial infection is common in persons with influenza. Which secondary infections are most common?
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