Several factors contributed to the development and increasing use of GIS in many sectors.

Several factors contributed to the development and increasing use of GIS in many sectors. They are:

 a.           Computers became larger, slower, more accessible, and less expensive and software became easier to use.

 b.           Computers became smaller, faster, more expensive, and software became easier to use.

 c.            Computers became smaller, faster, more accessible, and less expensive and software became easier to use.

 d.           None of these is correct.

QUESTION 2       Geographic information systems integrate several functions, including the incorporation, storage, and retrieval of data with a spatial or geographic component.

  True

  False

QUESTION 3       Perhaps the most direct use of GIS technology is as a tool for understanding and displaying disease or disease risks related to environmental exposures. Benefits include:

a.            Defining the population potentially exposed

b.            Identifying the source and potential routes of exposure

c.             Estimating environmental levels of contaminants

d.            All of these are correct.

QUESTION 4 The HITECH Act, enacted as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 is, in part, intended to:

a.            Enhance the reimbursement of health care providers for the meaningful use of electronic health care records systems

b.            Enhance the reimbursement of health care providers for the meaningful use of existing paper based health care records systems

c.             Enhance the kickbacks of health care providers for the meaningful use of electronic health care records systems

QUESTION 5       Like other new technologies, GIS technology presents threats as well as opportunities. The technology could provide a setup for abuse through violations of confidentiality and misinterpretation of results.

  True

  False

QUESTION 6       Public health organizations do not require well-designed information systems in order to make optimal use of the mounting supply of health-related data.

  True

  False

1 points  

QUESTION 7       GIS integrate several functions. They are capture and incorporation of data sets, storage of data, retrieval of data, statistical manipulation of data, data analysis, data modeling and:

a.            Display data on maps for assessment

b.            Submission of data for the National Security Agency

c.             Integration of voice recorders to hear conversations about the display

d.            Transfer of data to a local spreadsheet

QUESTION 8       Public health administrators should consider following other non-health industries in the growing trend toward cloud computing. This approach offers the advantages of:

a.            Nonscalability of performance, customizability for individual users, disaster resilience, and reductions in organizational infrastructure costs

b.            Scalability of performance, customizability for individual users, disaster resilience, and reductions in organizational infrastructure costs

c.             Scalability of performance, customizability for individual users, disaster resilience, and increases in organizational infrastructure costs

QUESTION 9       As early as 1854, John Snow, the father of modern epidemiology, plotted the geographic distribution of cholera deaths in Germany, demonstrating the association between the deaths and contaminated water supplies.

  True

  False

QUESTION 10     Local health consumers and health planners have rarely used health data collected routinely by local and state governments for the following reasons:

a.            Data are not timely and data are collected in different formats.

b.            Data are readily available and in common formats due to modern GIS.

c.             None of these is correct.

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