Assignment: In the first required reading ‘Crimes Against Pers
Assignment: In the first required reading "Crimes Against Persons, Property, and Society – Fall 2019", the FBI identifies a broad category of offenses that "represent society's prohibition against engaging in certain types of activity and are typically victimless crimes." (FBI, 2019). If you look at the offense groups in the reading, you will see that it lists offenses such as prostitution, gambling, drug violations, animal cruelty, weapons law violations, and pornography.
For your discussion:
(1) pick ONE (1) of the above listed offense types, find an applicable criminal code for your state (or state of your choice) and discuss some of the penalties associated with that offense. You only need to pick one specific offense from your state – for drug violations, you don't need to discuss every potential drug violations – pick one particular statute and discuss its elements and penalities;
(2) describe what you believe your biggest challenge as an investigator would be proving all of those elements of the offense;
(3) identify AT LEAST ONE investigative tool or technique that you think would be critical to successfully investigating this type of incident and explain why it is important – is it undercover operations, informants, surveillance, witness interviews, computer evidence, etc.
(4) express an opinion as to whether the creation of a specialized investigative unit would be the best response to this type of crime issue and support your position.
For example, of you pick burglary as your topic, you will need to explain what the general elements of that offense are and then identify an element that you think is the biggest challenge to prove (is it proving the entry was unlawful, that a theft actually occurred, that a felony was committed, etc) then identify an investigative technique or service that will be critical (is it polygraphs, ballistic evidence, interviewing, crime scene management, etc), and finally explain if you believe creation of a specialized investigative unit would be an appropriate response (for example, would creating a crime analysis unit to better track these crimes be a good idea, or would creating a unit that does only those types of investigations, or would creating a community policing unit that raises community awareness be a good response, etc)
Submission Requirements
- APA Style elements required
- Separate Title Page with Name, class, date and topic/title
- At least one (1) page of your writing on this topic that includes using in-text citations
- 12 point font
- Times New Roman or Arial
- Separate Reference Page – List detailed source information for all references
Brown, Thomas. (2019), “Criminal Investigation”. Virginia Wesleyan University. OERCommons. eBook.
Viewed from: https://www.oercommons.org/courses/criminal-investigation/view#
NIBRS, 2018 U.S. Department of Justice—Federal Bureau of Investigation Released Fall 2019
Uniform Crime Reporting Program National Incident-Based Reporting System
Crimes Against Persons, Property, and Society In the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), each offense reported is either a Group A or Group B offense type. There are 23 Group A offense categories, comprised of 52 Group A offenses and 10 Group B offense categories. (At the recommendation of the Criminal Justice Information Services Advisory Policy Board, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program combined the offense categories of Sex Offenses [formerly Forcible] and Sex Offenses, Nonforcible. Beginning with the 2018 data, all offense types previously published in those two categories are now published in one category as Sex Offenses.) Law enforcement agencies report Group A offenses as part of a NIBRS incident report, but they report only arrest data for Group B offenses.
Each offense collected in NIBRS belongs to one of three categories: Crimes Against Persons, Crimes Against Property, or Crimes Against Society. Crimes Against Persons, e.g., murder, rape, and assault, are those in which the victims are always individuals. The object of Crimes Against Property, e.g., robbery, bribery, and burglary, is to obtain money, property, or some other benefit. Crimes Against Society, e.g., gambling, prostitution, and drug violations, represent society’s prohibition against engaging in certain types of activity and are typically victimless crimes.
The categorization of an offense is significant because law enforcement uses it to determine how to report it to the UCR Program. For counting purposes, agencies should count one offense for each victim of a Crime Against Person, one offense for each distinct operation of a Crime Against Property (except for motor vehicle theft, in which one offense is counted for each vehicle stolen), and one offense for each Crime Against Society.
The listings of the Group A and Group B offenses appearing in this section indicate whether offenses are Crimes Against Persons, Property, or Society. The crime categories are presented in alphabetical order within each offense grouping.
Group A Offenses Offense Category Offense Type Crime Against Animal Cruelty Animal Cruelty Society Arson Arson Property
NIBRS, 2018 U.S. Department of Justice—Federal Bureau of Investigation Released Fall 2019
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Uniform Crime Reporting Program National Incident-Based Reporting System
Group A Offenses (continued)
Offense Category Offense Type Crime Against Assault Offenses Aggravated Assault Person Simple Assault Person Intimidation Person Bribery Bribery Property Burglary/Breaking & Entering Burglary/Breaking & Entering Property Counterfeiting/Forgery Counterfeiting/Forgery Property Destruction/Damage/Vandalism of Property Destruction/Damage/Vandalism of Property Property Drug/Narcotic Offenses Drug/Narcotic Violations Society Drug Equipment Violations Society Embezzlement Embezzlement Property Extortion/Blackmail Extortion/Blackmail Property Fraud Offenses False Pretenses/Swindle/Confidence Game Property Credit Card/Automatic Teller Machine Fraud Property Impersonation Property Welfare Fraud Property Wire Fraud Property Identity Theft Property Hacking/Computer Invasion Property
NIBRS, 2018 U.S. Department of Justice—Federal Bureau of Investigation Released Fall 2019
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Uniform Crime Reporting Program National Incident-Based Reporting System
Group A Offenses (continued) Offense Category Offense Type Crime Against Gambling Offenses Betting/Wagering Society Operating/Promoting/Assisting Gambling Society Gambling Equipment Violations Society Sports Tampering Society Homicide Offenses Murder and Nonnegligent Manslaughter Person Negligent Manslaughter Person Justifiable Homicide Person/Not a Crime Human Trafficking Offenses Commercial Sex Acts Person Involuntary Servitude Person Kidnapping/Abduction Kidnapping/Abduction Person Larceny/Theft Offenses Pocket-picking Property Purse-snatching Property Shoplifting Property Theft From Building Property Theft From Coin-Operated Machine or Device Property Theft From Motor Vehicle Property Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts or Accessories Property All Other Larceny Property Motor Vehicle Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Property Pornography/Obscene Material Pornography/Obscene Material Society Prostitution Offenses Prostitution Society Assisting or Promoting Prostitution Society Purchasing Prostitution Society
NIBRS, 2018 U.S. Department of Justice—Federal Bureau of Investigation Released Fall 2019
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Uniform Crime Reporting Program National Incident-Based Reporting System
Group A Offenses (continued) Offense Category Offense Type Crime Against
Robbery Robbery Property Sex Offenses* Rape Person Sodomy Person Sexual Assault With An Object Person Fondling Person Incest Person Statutory Rape Person Stolen Property Offenses Stolen Property Offenses Property Weapon Law Violations
Weapon Law Violations Society * Note: Beginning with the 2018 data, all offense types previously published in the offense categories of Sex Offenses [formerly Forcible] and Sex Offenses, Nonforcible are now published in one category as Sex Offenses.
Group B Offenses Offense Category Offense Type Crime Against Bad Checks Bad Checks Property Curfew/Loitering/Vagrancy Violations Curfew/Loitering/Vagrancy Violations Society Disorderly Conduct Disorderly Conduct Society Driving Under the Influence Driving Under the Influence Society Drunkenness Drunkenness Society
NIBRS, 2018 U.S. Department of Justice—Federal Bureau of Investigation Released Fall 2019
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Uniform Crime Reporting Program National Incident-Based Reporting System
Group B Offenses (continued) Offense Category Offense Type Crime Against
Family Offenses, Nonviolent Family Offenses, Nonviolent Society Liquor Law Violations Liquor Law Violations Society Peeping Tom Peeping Tom Society Runaway* Runaway Not a Crime Trespass of Real Property Trespass of Real Property Society All Other Offenses All Other Offenses Person, Property, or Society *Note: In January 2011, the FBI discontinued the collection of arrest data for runaways as the eleventh category of Group B offenses. However, some agencies still collect and report these data because the arrest of individuals for such occurrences sometimes clears associated offenses in incident reports.
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