If a researcher was trying to understand the role of education on years of experience, years of experience would be considered the
Question 1If a researcher was trying to understand the role of education on years of experience, years of experience would be considered the ______.
dependent variable
continuous variable
independent variable
control variable
Question 2In the _________ phase, we try to make sense of or the observed phenomenon or event.
rationalization
observation
exploration.
validation
Question 3If a researcher is trying to understand the role of gender on education, gender would be considered the ______.
continuous variable
control variable
independent variable
dependent variable
Question 4One of the goals of research is to understand the influence of the ______.
independent variable on the control variable
control variable on the independent variable
independent variable on the dependent variable
control variable on the dependent variable
Question 5______________ may have progressive levels of abstraction.
concepts
indicators
variables
attributes
Question 6Literature reviews are typically done prior to conducting new research.
True
False
Question 7The first step in constructing a research question is ______.
narrowing the topic
picking a topic
picking a purpose
constructing a research question
Question 8While a model tries to explain a phenomenon, a theory tries to represent a phenomenon.
True
False
Question 9Data analysis is only qualitative.
True
False
Question 10Conservatives and liberals tend to have very different perceptions of the role of government in people’s lives, and hence, have different opinions on how to solve social problems.
True
False
Question 11If the correlation between variables is 0.70 the percentage of the shared variance is ______.
70%
51%
49%
30%
Question 12When interested in examining how one variable changes in relation to another, which of the following descriptive statistics would you want to use?
standard deviation
variance
correlation
mean
Question 13If you wanted to compute the correlation between two nominal-level variables, which type of correlation should you use?
point biserial
phi
Pearson
Spearman rank
Question 14In a correlation matrix, the numbers above and below the diagonal row of 1.00s are a mirror image of themselves.
True
False
Question 15When testing partial correlation, the impact of a third variable is ______.
removed
added
explored
reduced
Question 16When data points group together in a cluster from the lower left-hand side of the xy axis to the upper right-hand side, what is this?
positive slope
negative slope
negative intercept
positive intercept
Question 17Who invented the Pearson’s product—moment correlation coefficient?
Fisher Pearson
Pearson Fisher
Karl Fisher
Karl Pearson
Question 18The correlation between variable X and variable Y is represented by which of the following?
Rx / y
rx(y)
R(xy)2
rxy
Question 19If you wanted to compute the correlation between one nominal-level variable and one interval-level variable, which type of correlation should you use?
phi
point biserial
Pearson
Spearman rank
Question 20Which of the following correlations represents a weak relationship?
-0.46
-0.86
-0.26
-0.66
Question 21When writing a research hypothesis, what type of letters are used?
Latin (English)
Greek
Roman
Arabic
Question 22 The hypothesis that posits no relationship between the variables in your study is the ______
nondirectional hypothesis
directional hypothesis
research hypothesis
null hypothesis
Question 23Which of the following represents a research hypothesis?
H1: μ1 > μ2
H0: μ1 = μ2
H1: X1 < X2
H1: X1 = X2
Question 24Having a large degree of sampling error does NOT affect generalizability.
True
False
Question 25A hypothesis that reflects the difference between groups but does NOT specify the direction of the difference is a(an) ______.
directional research hypothesis
null hypothesis
error hypothesis
nondirectional research hypothesis
Question 26What does generalizability mean?
Results apply only to the sample studied.
The sample does not represent the population.
Sampling error is high.
Results may be applied to the population studied.
Question 27 If you are unsure whether the null or research hypothesis is true, you can assume that the research hypothesis is true.
True
False
Question 28Which of the following symbols represents the first research hypothesis?
μ1
H1
X1
H0
Question 29The null hypothesis refers to which of the following?
multiple samples
the sample
the population
multiple populations
Question 30If you were to hypothesize that there is a relationship between reaction time and problem-solving ability, you would have a ______.
nondirectional research hypothesis
hypothesis type that cannot be determined
null hypothesis
directional research hypothesis
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