The punishment philosophy is that wrongful acts must be corrected to maintain and defend the normal and smooth functioning of society. Most sentences involve punishment to reduce the
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The punishment philosophy is that wrongful acts must be corrected to maintain and defend the normal and smooth functioning of society. Most sentences involve punishment to reduce the likelihood of continued criminal behavior. There are some other strategies like education and treatment, The following are the 7 goals of a sentence: revenge, retribution, just deserts, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restoration. Revenge is punishment that gets vengeance. The text book gives example of the punishment Americans would like to give terrorists of 9/11. Retribution is payment to victim and society to atone for a past offense such as an eye for an eye. Just deserts restores moral balance as the offender is blameworthy and deserving of disapproval based on past crime. Deterrence is prevention of a future crime like cutting off a thief's hands to prevent him stealing again. Incapacitation removes an offender from society so they are prevented from committing any further offense. Prison is an example of incapacitation. Rehabilitation is changing the criminal into a law abiding citizen through medical, psychological, or educational treatment. Restoration is incorporating victims and society participation in sentencing for the offender (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2021, p. 31). My preferred method of punishment is rehabilitation. Nonviolent drug offenders would benefit much more from treatment rather than the desocialization of other punishments. Rehabilitation saves money compared to many other forms of punishment and gives offenders a chance to be contributing members of society. Clearly rehabilitation is not an option for all, but combined with intermediate sanctions it can be effective in reintegrating many offenders into society. Intermediate sanctions like fines and community service can be effective in achieving the rehabilitation philosophy. The principle of rehabilitation is prevalent in the Bible. 2 Corinthians 5:17 says. "Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away; behold, the new has come(English Standard Version Bible, 2001, Corinthians 5:17)!" Although society demands more in the form of punishment in corrections, rehabilitation should play a large role. Christians knows God can work on our hearts and make us better people who turn from sin, even if our past is not perfect.
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Punishment philosophy is to make people reluctant to a commit crime by making the lives of offenders uncomfortable causing a reduction of the chances for future criminality (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2021). The goal of this punishment is deterrence. The punishment must be severe enough to scare people from committing a crime in the first place and to make the gains from the crime not worth the punishment received. This punishment philosophy could also incorporate incapacitation at the goal. The thought of being taken out of society to protect the citizens may deter people from committing crimes altogether.
The philosophies of punishment examine why and how a crime should be punished. It is suggested that criminal punishment maintains and defends the social order (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2021). One punishment philosophy is the idea that the sentence should get back at the offender. This philosophy incorporates revenge, retribution, and just desserts as the goals for the punishment. This is because the purpose of revenge, retribution, and just desserts is to restore the balance between the offender, victim, and society. Revenge and retribution are emotional responses to being victimized, and just desserts is a moral response to being the victim of a crime (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2021).
Offering education and/or psychological treatment is another punishment philosophy. This philosophy has the goals of rehabilitation, reformation, and restoration. Educating offenders on acceptable behavior patterns and how to appropriately behave and treating the offender for psychological issues is meant to stop people from reoffending (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2021). If the offender is educated on the harm they caused to the victim, and if the psychological problem behind the cause of the offense is treated, the human relationship between the offender and victim can be restored.
My preferred method of punishment is a sentence with the goal of restoration because it attempts to repair the harm done to the victim and the community, at the same time, it has the offender actively address the harm they have caused (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2021). In these cases, I believe intermediate sanctions can be effective in achieving this goal because the offender gets an appropriate sentence depending on the severity of the crime that was committed as well as a chance to do community service to provide for the community. In my opinion, Intermediate sanctions with the goal of restoration fair to all parties involved.
North Carolina utilizes the philosophy of state-sanctioned retribution with intermediate sanctions (Freeman, 2000). The state began using more intermediate sanctions due to a sharply increasing prison population. The states use of retribution aligns with the Biblical goal of corrections as described in Leviticus 24:19 through 24:21, “If anyone injures his neighbor, as he has done it shall be done to him, fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; whatever injury he has given a person shall be given to him. Whoever kills an animal shall make it good, and whoever kills a person shall be put to death.”
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