Psychological tests, also known as psychological assessments, are written or verbal tests created to evaluate an individual's behavior Personality tests are relevant in psycholo

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Introduction

Psychological tests, also known as psychological assessments, are written or verbal tests created to evaluate an individual's behavior (Benson et al., 2019). Personality tests are relevant in psychology; the tests can be administered, scored, and interpreted in the field of practice. They can assist users in guiding therapeutic interventions, clarify clinical diagnoses and predict how specific individuals may respond in certain situations. We describe and access personality daily through discussions about others and ourselves, referring to our distinct characteristics. Similarly, psychologists also do that on a scientific and systematic level. For this essay, I will use personalty type-based assessments. From the personality category, I will work with Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory IV (MCM IV), Neo Personality Inventory-4, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory 2 (MMPI-2). 

In psychology, according to Stachl et al. (2020), personality tests are used for reasons such as evaluating the effectiveness of therapy, assessing theories, looking at personality changes, diagnosing psychological problems, and screening candidates for jobs in forensic settings. In addition, they are used in child custody disputes to conduct a risk assessment and establish competence. The tests are related to furthering Skills and knowledge in psychology in career and occupation counseling, school psychology, clinical psychology relationship counseling, and employment testing. 

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory IV (MCM IV)

Purpose for Testing 

The MCMI-IV assessment was published in 2015 and can be used in counseling, clinical, government, medical and forensic settings (Price, 2019). It is used to assist users in identifying clients who need intensive evaluation. The reports from this assessment provide an in-depth analysis of symptoms and personality dynamics and include action-oriented suggestions for therapeutic management. The Benefit of the test is that it helps the clinician make informed treatment plans and decisions and identify severe clinical issues. Assess disorders based on ICD -10 and DSM 5 classification systems and quickly identify clients who need intensive assessment and access (Janet, 2021et al.).

Features

The test has a scale that provides a more profound comprehension of an adult patient who experiences abnormal personality traits. In addition, the test items are updated, characterizing how Millons Personality theory has evolved and has been refreshed to enhance clinical relevance and clarity. It also contains improved content that integrates therapeutic practice and results and links them to personalized treatment (Price, 2019). 

Normative Sample

The test is set for people above 18 years of age and above. The reading level is for 5th grade, and scores are interpreted using adult outpatient and inpatient clinical samples. According to Price (2019), The people who can use it need to be in qualification level C, and it needs to be completed in about twenty-thirty minutes. The items in the test include yes or no answers, and the scoring options ranged from web-based to software report options which are O global and O local. The reports are either profiles of interpretive reality and adopted norms based on a clinical adult population of about 1500 females and males with various diagnoses (Sellbom et al., 2022). The normative samples are about 1546 people from solely clinical contexts; however, the MCMI-IV normative sample does not include individuals from forensic populations directly. The psychometric properties of the Persian version of MCMI-IV, including reliability and validity indexes, are suitable and in line with the results of its original version ( Mohammadi et al., 2021)

Test-User Knowledge, Skills, and Training

According to Sellbom et al. (2022), MCMI-IV provides helpful clinical insights into a patient's personality, allowing clinicians to make reliable diagnostic and treatment decisions. The test Is a Pearson assessment with an established system for testing the user qualifications based on the expertise required to administer purchase and score every test. The qualifications vary from where there are required in level A to where the user has a doctorate in education, psychology, or my closely related field, qualification level C. yes, being a professional in the field of psychology, as stated by Price (2019). After getting a doctorate, I can be qualified to administer the test in level A and level C. As a psychologist, I can use the test to make reliable diagnostic and treatment decisions for psychiatric patients.

Neo Personality Inventory-4

Purpose for Testing 

The NEO -4 developed by Costa, P., & McCrae, R. in 2010 gives information on four personality dynamics Openness to Experience, Consciousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness (Azkhosh et al., 2019). It is created for personal counseling and employment settings in career development, career counseling, and employee training, where the four domains are the main focus. Three short validity checks are provided on answer sheets. It contains 192 questionnaire items, and the scoring keys are E, Q A, and C, similar to NEO PI-R's factors.

Normative Sample, Sampling Procedures, and Intended Population

The age range is adults and children between the age of 1 to 99 years, and it is administered individually. Each domain in the NEO 4 provides information on various aspects of an individual's personality. Each of these domains is interpreted at the global factor level using 24 facet scales with six for every domain. In addition, the NEO 4 has a way to interpret these domains using six personality styles, such as interactions and interests, activity, learning character, and attitudes. (Azkhosh et al., 2019). The NEO Personality Inventory gives good support for reliability and validity. Internal dependability coefficients were calculated at 0.86 to 0.95 for both the forms (observer and self). The upbeat presentation management (PPM) and The Negative Presentation Management (PPM) scales were found to have internal consistency reliability. In addition, the pattern of discriminant and convergent correlations supported the validity of these scales with respective Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) validity scales. Lastly, individuals' PAI profiles with valid NPM differed significantly from those with invalid NPM scores(Janet, 2021et al.). The distinction between profiles from other clinical samples and invalid profiles. Provide additional support to the use NPM scale as a measure of negative impression management. In Psychology, a sample of clients who have come in need of guidance due to work stress or career change can receive help by knowing their most dominant trait of the five character traits described in the test. 

Test-User Knowledge, Skills, and Training

It entails a reusable item booklet necessary for self-report. Form S is used for rating, while R is an answer sheet. The test is mainly used by employers when recruiting employees and is an assessment tool for a job. In psychology, I can use the test as a career counselor to guide individuals looking for jobs or companies hiring staff.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory 2 (MMPI-2)

Purpose for Testing 

In 1949 The first l Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was published by Hathaway and McKinley; the revised version, MMPI -2, was established in 1989 (Giromini et al., 2019). The practical Test construction technique was used to develop this MMPI. It is highly used in assessing adult psychopathology globally. In addition, it is used in medical, mental health, and employment settings.

Test-User Knowledge,

According to Giromini et al. (2019), It entails testing scales such as the hypochondriasis scale. The information gained from MMPI _2 is helpful in occupational health settings where the clinician doubts what is wrong with a patient. It is also used in assessing psychological stability in workers in high-risk professions such as police, airline pilots, or workers in the nuclear power industry. However, the test is disadvantageous for physicians in these settings because it is strictly licensed; thus, it can only be administered, purchased, or interpreted by a well-experienced clinical psychologist or psychiatrist. Thus, it should be seen as a challenging diagnostic investigation that is not used frequently (Janet, 2021et al.).

Normative Sample

It is completed In Two and a half hours and contains 567 items that are true or false questions. The results are gained through self-reports to measure an individual's psychological state. It has nine validity scales, including defensiveness, faking foul, and assessment for lying, among others. They are also called lie scales, making it very hard for clients to fake the results. The measure contains clinical scales that assess mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Personality characteristics such as psychopathy and general personality traits such as somatization, anger, and addiction potential, are measured (Giromini et al., 2019).

The scale was validated through a normative sample that contained 2600 adults. In addition, almost 10000 published papers that use this scale. For example, research was carried out using the assessment tool for 161 male and 307 female patients with chronic pain (Giromini et al., 2019). The conclusion was that there is a strong relationship between conversion disorder and reported pain disorder, a relationship between physical and emotional pain. In conclusion, the test can be used to show the test's utility in determining if a client has chronic pain would benefit best from psychological therapy or medical treatment.

Comparisons and Contrasts of the Three Tests

The three tests are similar because they are all used and applicable in psychology. They are used in the therapeutic process to help a counselor assess a client and are beneficial in providing necessary help for the counseling process. Regarding normative SampleSample, all the tests can be used by adults and children. Regarding test user knowledge, only the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory 2 (MMPI-2) is limited to use and purchase by an experienced user. However, through critical analysis, The best test is the MMPI -2. It has testing scales on the test items that distinguish ordinary individuals from those with hypochondriasis. Thus it has questions about health issues to make these differentiations; This has two advantages; for instance, it makes it hard for clients to deny problems and give fake responses or a particular impression (Giromini et al., 2019). Also, it is based on research, not clinical assumptions on what answers. In conclusion, various psychological tests assist individuals in understanding different dynamics of life. It assists human beings in understanding why some people are good at some things and others are good at others.

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References

Azkhosh, M., Sahaf, R., Rostami, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2019). Reliability and validity of the 10-item personality inventory among older Iranians. Psychology in Russia, 12(3), 28.

 Benson, N. F., Floyd, R. G., Kranzler, J. H., Eckert, T. L., Fefer, S. A., & Morgan, G. B. (2019). Test use and assessment practices of school psychologists in the United States: Findings from the 2017 National Survey. Journal of School Psychology, 72, 29-48.

Giromini, L., Lettieri, S. C., Zizolfi, S., Zizolfi, D., Viglione, D. J., Brusadelli, E., … & Zennaro, A. (2019). Beyond rare-symptoms endorsement: A clinical comparison simulation study using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) with the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29). Psychological Injury and Law, 12(3), 212-224.

Hsiung, K. S., Colditz, J. B., McGuier, E. A., Switzer, G. E., VonVille, H. M., Folb, B. L., & Kolko, D. J. (2021). Measures of organizational culture and climate in primary care: a systematic review. Journal of general internal medicine, 36(2), 487-499.

Martin Sellbom, Jay Flens, Jonathan Gould, Rowena Ramnath, Robert Tringone & Seth Grossman (2022) The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV) and Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II (MACI-II) in Legal Settings, Journal of Personality Assessment, 104:2, 203-220, DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2021.2013248

Mohammadi M.R.,Delavar, A., Hooshyari, Z., Shakiba, A., Salmnian, M., Ghandi., F.,…& Farnoody, N. (2021). Psychometric properties f the Persin Version of MILLONclinical Multilaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV0 Iranian journal of psychiatry, 16(1),43.

Price, L. A. (2019). Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-IV (MCMI-IV) profile patterns and scale score correlates for jail inmates referred for mental health services.

Sellbom, M., Flens, J., Gould, J., Ramnath, R., Tringone, R., & Grossman, S. (2022). The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV) and Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II (MACI-II) in Legal Settings. Journal of Personality Assessment, 104(2), 203-220.

Stachl, C., Pargent, F., Hilbert, S., Harari, G. M., Schoedel, R., Vaid, S., … & Bühner, M. (2020). Personality research and assessment in the era of machine learning. European Journal of Personality, 34(5), 613-631.

The MMPI-2 can be obtained from

www.pearsonassessments.com/tests/mmpi_2.ht

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Introduction

The three tests I selected are the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescent (MMPI-A), the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – IV (MCMI-IV), and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2. (MMPI-A). The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – IV (MCMI-IV) measures ten clinical syndromes, screens for fifteen personality disorders, and uses validity indices to assist clinicians in evaluating personality and psychopathology in people undergoing psychological or psychiatric examination or therapy. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 (MMPI-2) uses a psychometric exam with nine validity scales, a true/false self-report, and these evaluate health issues, personality traits, and general personality traits to measure adult psychopathology. With the help of validity indicators, clinical scales, clinical subscales (including the Harris-Lingoes and social introversion subscales), content scales, content component subscales, and supplemental scales, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescent (MMPI-A) is designed to screen for mental disorders specifically in adolescents.

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory -IV is designed to provide an in-depth investigation of personality and symptom dynamics and contain action-oriented suggestions for therapeutic management, as indicated by the distributer Pearson (Millon, Grossman, and Carrie, 2022). As per the test's distributer Pearson, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 has helped specialists in the recognizable proof of mental issues and the determination of fitting treatment modalities (Butcher, et al., 2022).

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescent was made to aid the recognizable proof, examination, and improvement of medicines for juvenile hardships (Butcher, et al., 2022). The populace I chose for the review was. Grown-up criminal wrongdoers in restorative offices are followed by the MMCI-IV and MMPI-2. The gathering of young people I would choose for the MMPI-An is the people who have encountered the adolescent equity framework.Evaluation of Test Materials, Costs, and Administration Times

For people 18 and older, the MCMI-IV is a 195-item true/false and self-report test. The test concentrates on severe personality pathologies (Borderline, Schizotypal, Paranoid), clinical syndromes (Somatic symptom, Generalized Anxiety, Persistent Depression, Alcohol Use, Bipolar Spectrum, Drug Use, Post-Traumatic Stress), and clinical personality patterns (Schizoid, Avoidant, Melancholic, Dependent, Histrionic, Turbulent, Narcissistic, Antisocial, Sadistic, Compulsive, Negativistic, Masoch The test is offered in a variety of media, including digital, audio, paper and pencil, and computer scoring. Test kits, manuals, and other materials are priced at $61.50 each manual (2015, 125 pages). $44 for the Q-worldwide interpretive report, $22.25 for the Q-worldwide profile report, $28 for the Q step-down answer sheet, $48.20 for the remote response sheet for the Q-worldwide interpretive report, $28.20 for the remote response sheet for the Q-worldwide profile report, and $59.50 for the sound CD. Spanish rendition of the version available in different dialects (Rouse and Zacha, 2017) . The test requires on normal around 30 minutes to finish. Because of its accessibility, minimal expense, and assortment of testing structures, this test is in many cases utilized in scientific brain science, making it doable to direct it in a punitive office.

Conversion hysteria, depression, hypochondriasis, psychopathic deviation, masculinity-femininity, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, hypomania, and social introversion are among the ten clinical scales. There are likewise fifteen supplemental scales (uneasiness, constraint, self-image strength, the MacAndrew liquor addiction scale reexamined, overcontrolled aggression, predominance, social obligation, school maladjustment, orientation 15 Content Scales (Anxiety, Fears, Obsessiveness, Depression, Health Concerns, Bizarre Mentation, Anger, Cynicism, Antisocial Practices, Type A, Low Self-Esteem, Social Discomfort, Family Problem, Work Interference, Negative Treatment Indicators), 3 Si subscales (Shyness/Self Consciousness, Social Avoidance, Alienation-Self and Others, 28 Harris-Lingoes Amorality, Psychomotor Acceleration, Imperturbability, Ego Inflation, Social Alienation, Self-Alienation, Persecutory Ideas, Poignancy, Naivete, Social Alienation, Emotional Alienation, Lack of Ego Mastery-Cognitive, Lack of Ego Mastery Conative, Defective Inhibition, Bizarre Sensory Experiences (Atlas and Zachar, 2021). The test can be given in different ways, remembering for a PC, a sound CD, or with paper and pencil.

The MMPI-2 is priced at $1,060.25 for a hand-scoring introduction kit that includes 10 paperback test booklets, a handbook (2001, 221 pages), a monograph on the rebuilt clinical scales (2003, 123 pages), reusable response keys, reaction sheets, and profile and record structures in a handbag; $54 for 50 hand-scoring answer sheets and profile structures, $49 for 10 reused softcover test booklets, $75 for a reusable hardcover test booklet; Audio CDs cost $68 every, 50 profile structures are $57.55, and manuals cost $70.50 every (Atlas and Zachar, 2021). The typical measure of time expected to manage the test is an hour and a half. The MMPI-2 is really the most broadly used test in the realm of legal sciences; accordingly I would agree that it is doable in the field of measurable brain research.

The MMPI-A is a 478-item test that is appropriate for students between the ages of 14 and 18. The test focuses on 10 clinical scales (Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviation, Masculinity-Femininity, Paranoia, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia, Hypomania, Social Introversion), 28 Harris-Lingoes subscales (Subjective Depression, Psychomotor Retardation, and so on), and 8 legitimacy scales (Lie, Infrequency 1, Infrequency 2, In Physical brokenness, mental bluntness, agonizing, need for friendship, refusal of social nervousness, substantial grievances, restraint of animosity, family hardship, authority issues, social imperturbability, social estrangement, self-distance, persecutory thoughts, impact, and naivete are instances of mental problems.

Amorality, Psychomotor Acceleration, Imperturbability, Social Avoidance, Social Alienation, Lack of Ego Mastery-Cognitive, Lack of Ego Mastery-Conative, Lack of Ego Mastery-Defective Inhibition, Odd Sensory Experiences, and Ego Inflation are a few instances of social and close to home estrangement. There are likewise three si subscales (Shyness/Self-Consciousness, Social Avoidance, and Alien The test units, manuals, and extra materials cost $64.45 to the manual; $114 hand-scoring materials bundle (50 response sheets, 50 Validity/Clinical scales profile structures), $57.55 for 50 profile and record structures, $44.90 for the Adolescent Interpretive System User's Guide, $44.35 for ten softcover test booklets, $67.60 for one hardcover test booklet, and $63.35 for a sound CD. The test can be given exclusively or in gatherings, with the commonplace organization time falling somewhere in the range of 45 and an hour. The test materials, thing styles, expenses, and organization time spans are incredibly feasible for my area of examination when applied to the discipline of measurable brain research.Evaluation of Scoring Procedures and Interpretation Guidelines

The validity, personality, psychopathology, and facet scales are used to score the MCMI-IV. The validity scale included a grading range of 0-35 low, 35-75 average, and 75-100 high (Butcher, et al., 2022). The personality scale included four levels: 0–60, 60–75, 75–85, and 85–115 disorder (Butcher, et al., 2022). The psychopathology scale included three levels: 0-75, present (75-85), and prominent (85-115). (Butcher, et al., 2022). The interpretable facet scale scores varied from 0-75 to 75-100. (Butcher, et al., 2022). The personality scale scores clinical personality patterns and severe personality patterns, the validity scales score modifying indicators, and the psychopathology scale scores clinical syndromes.

Additionally, the scales for the component scored as antisocial, masochistic, and avoidant. Schizoid, avoidant, melancholic, dependent, histrionic, turbulent, narcissistic, antisocial, sadistic, obsessive, negativistic, masochistic, schizotypal, borderline, and paranoid were also scored on the Grossman facet scales. In my specialty of forensic psychology, the viability of these scorings would be relatively simple to obtain, especially with a licensed practitioner interpreting the scores. Clinical subscales, rebuilt clinical scales, content scales, content part scales, and supplemental scales are totally utilized in the MMPI-2 scoring. Legitimacy and clinical scales and non-k rectified legitimacy and clinical scales are likewise utilized. The accompanying classes are scored: reaction, crude score, k amendment, T score (plotted), non-gendered T score. The scoring fluctuated from 30 to 50 low, 50 to 65 moderate, and 65 to 120 high. The Harris-Lingoes Subscales, which measure despairing, panic, psychopathic aberrance, distrustfulness, and schizophrenia, are utilized as the scoring framework. Modesty, social aversion, and alienation from oneself as well as other people are the subscales of social introspection. The actions used to quantify the substance of the poll incorporate scales for nervousness, trouble, bizarre way of behaving, outrage, skepticism, standoffish way of behaving, type A, low confidence, social distress, negative treatment signs, and family issues. A certified master in the field of measurable brain research would experience little difficulty deciphering the experimental outcomes.

Legitimacy, clinical, content, supplemental, PSY-5, clinical subscales, and content part scales are totally scored on the MMPI-A. The crude score, T score, and answer were utilized for scoring. a scope of 30 to 50 low, 50 to 60 mid-low, 60 to 65 mid-high, and 65 to 110 high scores. The estimating scales incorporate the downturn, madness, psychopathic, suspicious, schizophrenia, and hypomania subscales of the Harris-Lingoes scale. Alongside friendly aversion, distance of oneself as well as other people, and modesty/reluctance subscales. Moreover, there are scales for the substance part that action juvenile sadness, juvenile wellbeing concerns, juvenile estrangement, young adult peculiar mentation, juvenile resentment, juvenile pessimism, juvenile direct issues, young adult low confidence, juvenile low goal, juvenile social inconvenience, ado as lengthy as an authorized proficient regulates the test and deciphers the outcomes, managing adolescent framework children can be conceivable utilizing the MMPI-A scoring methodology.

Evaluation of Test Technology

A school, clinical, and counselling psychologist must use the self-report inventory when administering the MMPI-A. (Butcher, et al., 2022). They will help diagnosis and treatment planning in a variety of settings, identify the underlying causes of possible issues before they arise, and give parents, teachers, and other members of the adolescent support network information that is simple to grasp (Butcher, et al., 2022). Online administration is available, along with computer, CD, paper, and pencil. Whether using manual scoring, hand-scoring Q local software, mail-in scoring service, or Q-global scoring and reporting (Butcher, et al., 2022). A licenced psychologist or clinician is required to administer the MMPI-2. The organization is done utilizing paper and pencil, Q-neighborhood, or Q-worldwide (Butcher, et al., 2022). The scoring decisions incorporate hand scoring, remote scoring administration, Q nearby programming, worldwide scoring and announcing, and worldwide scoring. An authorized clinician or clinician should likewise control the MCMI-IV. The scoring options are remote, Q-nearby programming, and Q-worldwide online (Butcher, et al., 2022).

Each test should be regulated, scored, and deciphered by an expert therapist or clinician who has the essential preparation and certifications. Because of the scales that have been made, each of the three of the tests are regularly used in the field of legal sciences and have created amazing exploration and data to help the finding. The three tests all utilize a similar innovation, which is given by Q Global to different scoring.

References

Atlas, J., & Zachar, P. (2021). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 [2001 Manual Revision]. Retrieved from EBSCO host: https://web-s-ebscohost com.library.capella.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=b2c79812-0de1-4ace-b0cd- 90d5ff757aa3%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN= test.11157&db=mmt

Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Auke, T., Dahlstrom, W. G., & Kaemmer, B. (2022). Pearson. Retrieved from Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 MMPI-2:

https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professiona l Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Minnesota-Multiphasic- Personality-Inventory-2/p/100000461.html

Butcher, J. N., Williams, C., Graham, J. R., Archer, R. P., Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Kaemmer, B. (2022). Pearson. Retrieved from Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventoy – Adolescent MMPI-A: https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professiona l-Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Minnesota-Multiphasic- Personality-Inventory-Adolescent/p/100000465.html

Claiborn, C., & Lanyon, R. (1995). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality–Adolescent, The Twelfth Mental Measurements Yearbook. Retrieved from EBSCOhost: https://web-s- ebscohost-com.library.capella.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=aacd62cc-1e28- 462e-b43b-4a19c72d4f5a

%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=test.1355&db

=mmt

Millon, T., Grossman, S., & Carrie, M. (2022). Pearson . Retrieved from Millon Clinial Multiaxial Inventory – IV MCMI-IV: https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professiona l-Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Millon-Clinical-Multiaxial- Inventory-IV/p/100001362.html?tab=product-details

Rouse, S. V., & Zachar, P. (2017). Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory -IV. Retrieved from EBSCO host: https://web-s-ebscohost-com.library.capella.edu/ehost/detail/detail? vid=5&sid=7a1a01c7-9c08-44f2-b94e c738586ac205%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN =test.8591&db=mmt

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Reliability and Validity

 

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Introduction

For assessment 1, I used personality type assessments. Personality assessments are verbal tests to assess people's behaviors (Benson et al., 2019). I choose the Millon Clinical Neo Personality Inventory-4, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory 2 (MMPI-2), and Multiaxial Inventory IV (MCM IV). The tests were standard and could be used with a population varying from children to adults in a psychiatric setting. Stachi et al. (2020) revealed that personality tests have many uses, including career and occupational counseling, clinical psychology, employment testing, school psychology, and relationship counseling. Mainly, personality tests are used in the treatment of psychopathy. The tests are beneficial because they help evaluate whether therapy is effective, examine personality changes, assess theories of child custody disputes to conduct a risk assessment, and screen candidates in a forensic setting. In this essay, I will assess the reliability and validity of the various tests, including the Millon Clinical Neo Personality Inventory-4, Multiaxial Inventory IV (MCM IV), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory 2 (MMPI-2). and their application to the field of psychology.

Technical Review Article Summaries

Multiaxial Inventory IV (MCM IV),

The test is used to assist users in identifying clients who need intensive evaluation. The test is set for people above 18 years of age. The reports from this assessment provide an in-depth analysis of symptoms and personality dynamics and include action-oriented suggestions for therapeutic management. The Benefit of the test is that it helps the clinician make informed treatment plans and decisions and identify severe clinical issues. Assess disorders based on ICD – 10 and DSM-5 classification systems and quickly identify clients who need intensive assessment and access (Janet, 2021et al.). The tests are beneficial to psychology because they can be used to assist a client with personality disorders in the therapy process. The validity and reliability of the tests have been reviewed by various scholars as described.

Mohammadi M.R.,Delavar, A., Hooshyari, Z., Shakiba, A., Salmnian, M., Ghandi., F.,…& Farnoody, N. (2021). Psychometric properties f the Persin Version of MILLONclinical Multilaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV0 Iranian journal of psychiatry, 16(1),43.

The article investigates the validity and reliability of the Multiaxial Inventory IV (MCM IV). Mohammad et al. (2021) reveal there have been preceding forms of MCMI, and all have been validated and interpreted to Persian. Thus, they have been used repeatedly by Iranian researchers or clini

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