The Study is already written. I just need the this stated in green by the professor revised into my report. The one in red has already been complet

5

Ameki.

Great proposal. However, it needs the following revisions:

1. Indicate the type of research: qualitative, quantitative or mixed

2. Replace “paper” with study

3. Address margin comments

4. Chapter 2 should list the sources of your literature: google, SU library,…uo

Dr. Kuofie 5/13/22

Greetings Ameki.,

Great start on your proposal, please see my comments within the paper

To summarize:

1. More sources needed; you have many affirmations without sources, each in-text citation must be listed in the reference section and vice-versa

2. The literature review is too short and lacks substantial information on what makes this study relevant, compared to other research that have been conducted already

3. Instrument, design, data analysis is not clearly defined and mastered

4. Population is not clearly defined – Sample size calculation.

5. Table of content needs to be APA formatted

6. Data collection what tool? (ie: Survey Monkey)

Dr. Christian 5/15/22

The Research Proposal: Chapters 1 – 3 of the Dissertation

Submitted to South University

College of Business

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

Doctor of Business Administration

Ameki Williams

South University

BUS8105E_A-Doctoral Dissertation Proposal

Dr. Koufie

May 30

Abstract Comment by Matthew Kuofie: The Abstract is okay now. You will modify after you add Chapters 4 and 5

The research paper will focus on the role of strategic management traits on employee performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. A literature review shows that strategic management style affects employees' performance, determination, and job satisfaction. Pioneer scholars have extensively researched strategic management styles though there is limited literature on the impacts of management traits. The purpose of the study is to illustrate the need for new management approaches in organizational management by comparing the varying effects of management traits on performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. The existing management styles have weaknesses necessitating the need for more advanced approaches that can address these limitations. The study looks at different management traits to blend them to meet employees' needs and organizations' objectives. I will use a situational strategic management theoretical framework to venture into the study. The framework recognizes the need for leadership adaptability based on situations. Stakeholders will use the findings to strengthen organizational management.

Table of Contents Comment by [email protected]: Please review your APA manual for proper formatting of the table of content ( https://www.scientific-editing.info/blog/apa-table-of-contents-how-to-create-one/)

Abstract​ – pg. 2

Chapter 1 – Introduction​ – pg. 5

Purpose of Study​ – pg. 6

Statement of the Problem​ – pg. 6

Theoretical Framework​ – pg. 7

Research Questions and Hypotheses​ – pg. 7 – 10

Scope of the Study​ – pg. 10

Assumptions, Risks, and Biases​ – pg. 11

Significance of Study​ – pg. 11

Summary​ – pg. 12

Chapter 2 – Literature Review – pg. 12 – 13

Definition of Strategic Management – pg. 13 – 14

The strategy statements– pg. 14

Importance of vision and mission statements – pg. 15

​Conceptual Framework – pg. 15 – 16

Summary​ – pg. 16 – 17

Chapter 3 – Methodology​ – pg. 17

Research Method – pg. 18 – 19

Research Design​ – pg. 19

Participants- pg. 19 – 20

Instrumentation​ – pg. 20

Questionnaire – pg. 20 – 21

Structured Interviews– pg. 21

Research Procedures – pg. 21 – 22

Data Analysis​ – pg. 22

Protection of Human Rights​ – pg. 22 – 23

Delimitations and Limitations​ – pg. 23 – 24

Significance of the Study​ – pg. 25

Summary – pg. 25 – 26

References – pg. 27 – 28

Chapter 1 – Introduction

​ The current research paper will focus on the impacts of strategic management attributes on employee performance, motivation and, job satisfaction. There are different management styles that management use to influence their followers towards a particular organizational goal. Some of the approaches are transformational, Laissez-Faire, democratic, transactional and autocratic management.. Business cultures influence extensively the type of strategic management styles used in organizations. Many scholars in organizational behavior and management have published articles on how management styles affect employee performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. Most researchers have found out that the type of management style utilized in organizations affects employees. Research by Al Khajeh (2018) to determine the role of management on performance found out that management approaches affect organizational performance. Also, researchers have found that transformational and transactional management styles have varying impacts on performance, employee motivation, and job satisfaction (Choi et al., 2017). Employees work well under some leadership styles because their leaders appreciate their contributions at their workplace. In other situations, employees may feel encouraged when leaders reward their top performances. Comment by Matthew Kuofie: Change "paper" to study Comment by [email protected]: Remove extra period

​ Unlike previous studies focused on leadership style in general, this research paper will focus on leadership traits. Stakeholders distinguish each of the leadership styles by characteristics that have a significant impact on employee performance. People characterize management by rewarding and punishing instances, while management is by inspiration and follower empowerment (Choi et al., 2017, Lan et al., 2019). There is a need to narrow down to the particular traits to understand their impacts on employees. The study is crucial in the field of organizational management and behaviors in many ways. The study's findings can help leaders find a proper balance of management traits to create a motivated, performing, and satisfied workforce. Also, the study's outcomes may help leaders and organizations to incorporate appropriate leadership styles within their operations. Thus, the study will focus on management traits and how they impact performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. The management traits that the study will focus on are visionary, delegation, and reward and punishment.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is to shift overemphasis on management styles to management traits. Technically, it is the management traits that affect employees and not the generalized management styles. The second purpose is to inform organizations against restricting strategic management to one management style. In other words, the study will intend to help a visionary leader to use reward and punishment rather than inspiration only. While visionary is a trait for a traditional leader and reward and punishment a character of a transactional leader, leaders can merge them to create a hybrid leadership style based on how they complement each other. Comment by [email protected]: Cite sources

Statement of the Problem

​ There is a literature gap to address leadership traits and their impacts on performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. Most scholarly work provides comprehensive information on leadership styles and their effects on various organizational aspects (Fiaz et al., 2017). However, few of the reviewed academic works discuss the concept of leadership traits. The gap prompts the need for new research that the paper will address. The other problem is that while most evidence shows that some leadership styles negatively affect employees, there is no solution from the literature. Some leadership styles only suit the organizational culture or goals and not the employees (Choi et al., 2017). Likewise, some management tactics may fit employees and not the organization's long-term goals. Consequently, there is a problem to address these challenges. Assessing the management traits and their impacts may lead to a viable solution on balancing organizational culture and employees’ needs within the management framework.

Theoretical Framework

​ The research will apply the situational management theoretical framework. According to situational management theories, management style should change based on the prevailing circumstances (Thompson & Glasø, 2018). Consequently, the model assumes that there is no one suitable management style that applies to all situations. Moreover, the model recognizes the importance of management having the ability to deal with diverse circumstances. In the research paper, I will use the theoretical framework to solve the puzzle of establishing fixed management styles within organizations (Thompson & Glasø, 2018). Also, the research paper will utilize the theoretical framework to show why management styles are needed in most organizations to meet the need of employees and the goals of organizations. The advanced management style is possible by combining various management traits. Hence, the study will focus on management traits and their impacts on performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. Comment by [email protected]: The researcher

Research Questions and Hypotheses

Research Questions:

Research Question 1:

· What is the impact of transformational management on employee motivation and job performance? Comment by [email protected]: In APA only titles need to be in bold, please review manual for clarification

​The question is essential in determining the specific attributes of transformational management that encourage employees and prompt better performance. Transformational management lead their teams towards a common goal through inspiration and encouragement (Lan et al., 2019). Management focus on improving the entire group for organizational success. Each employee participates in the decision-making process at the company. Also, transformational management train their followers for higher responsibilities at the organization and use them as partners to achieve organizational objectives (Lan et al., 2019). The research question will help me to narrow down to leadership-specific attributes and evaluate how they influence employees’ wellness that in turn affects motivation and performance. The study's purpose is to determine how management attributes affect motivation, employee satisfaction, and performance. Therefore, the answer to the question will help to respond to the answer. Comment by [email protected]: The researcher Comment by [email protected]: Confusing statement what do you mean by the the answer will help respond to the answer ?

Research Question 2:

· Do reward and punishment affect employee motivation, employee performance, and job satisfaction? Comment by [email protected]: You have to clearly define the type of research you plan to conduct ( quantitative , qualitative or mixed methods) depending on your choice your research question must match that type of research

​Some management styles incorporate punishments and rewards to control employees. Most literature in organizational behavior focuses much on management styles and fails to narrow down to the specific management traits. Reward and punishment are practiced by transactional management. Top performers are rewarded while poor performers are punished. Punishments include receiving lower salaries, job dismissal, or receiving inferior positions. Transactional management tend to focus much on individuals rather than a group (Wahyuni et al., 2019; Pishgooie et al., 2018). They are more concerned with the planning and execution processes, and often, rely on the established structures to exert influence on their followers. The research question will help me to delve deeper into management attributes that affect overall employee motivation, performance, and job satisfaction. The response to the question is pivotal in answering the overall research question on the impacts of management attributes on employee performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. Comment by [email protected]: You need to elaborate more and clerkly define for the purpose of this study what is considered punishment and rewards Comment by [email protected]: You have to elaborate more on this, when you say receive lower salary it is assuming that they only get paid by performance, also what do you mean by receiving inferior positions?

Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that reward and punishment affect employees' performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. Comment by Matthew Kuofie: Make it Hypothesis 2

Research Question 3:

· Does delegation affect employee motivation, job satisfaction, and performance?

Some management styles embrace role delegation while others do not. Delegation is assigning roles to other team members for various reasons. The question aims to create an understanding of how the attribute of rile delegation affect motivation, satisfaction, and performance (Pishgooie et al., 2018). Employees may feel valued when they receive more roles at their workplace in some instances while others may feel demotivated due to increased roles. Either way, delegation will affect motivation, performance, and job satisfaction. Some management styles that embrace delegation are transformational and charismatic. The findings on the question will help to determine how leadership traits affect employees' wellness. These findings will align study purpose that aims at finding the relationship between management traits and motivation, performance, and job satisfaction.

Hypothesis: Delegation motivates employees, leads to job satisfaction and better performance. Comment by Matthew Kuofie: Make it Hypothesis 3 Comment by [email protected]: If this is a quantitative research you will also need a null hypothesis

Research Question 4:

· What are the impacts of a visionary leader on motivation, employee performance, and job satisfaction?

​A visionary management is one with a clear picture of how the future should look. Visionary leaders are strategic and influence their followers to undertake bold steps for a better future. The visionary trait is associated with charismatic and transformational management styles (Lan et al., 2019). The question is essential for the study because it will help in examining how various leadership traits affect employee performance, motivation, and job satisfaction. Comment by [email protected]: Are you using management and leadership interchangeably in this research if so you must clearly define so.

Scope of the Study

Delimitations:

​ The study will focus on the relationship between various management traits and their impacts on motivation, job satisfaction, and employee performance. The research paper will consider the strengths and weaknesses of key management traits such as reward and punishment and how they affect employees and overall performance. Further, the research will examine how management and organizations can reduce the risks associated with management traits by combining strategic management characteristics from various management styles. The study focuses on management traits because scholars have covered extensively on management styles.

Limitations:

​ One of the limitations in conducting the study is resources and time. Comprehensive research will require enough time and money to actualize and, that is not possible for this research paper. Secondly, the study will include a smaller sample size which limits its credibility. Comment by [email protected]: How do you plan to overcome these limitations?

Assumptions, Risks and Biases

Assumption refers to conditions under which the statistical techniques utilized will lead to valid results. In this context, the researcher assumed that the employees involved in the study would cooperate by providing honest and complete answers during interview sessions and when responding to questionnaires. Additionally, the sample was assumed to be true representation of study population as they had similar characteristics.

Biases occur when the entire research process is skewed to achieve a specific outcome. One of the biases that can occur in research is design biases which relates to the structure and method of the research. Design bias is contributed by the preferences of the researcher instead of selecting research design that work effectively for a certain context. In our context, it is worth noting that there is risk of biases from the interviewer as he can introduce his disposition or relation with the participants. There is also a risk of biased questions in terms of negative questions or leading questions. As a result, the researcher has ensured that biased questions in interview and questionnaires. Also predetermined questions will be used for the structured interview. This will ensure consistency among employees and managers drawn from different organizations (Formplus, 2020). The uniformity of questions will prevent biases during the research process.  Comment by [email protected]: What do you mean by biased questions in the questionnaires?

Significance of the Study

Managers of different companies will benefit from the finding of this study because in a globalized world, the strategic management influence the state of performance appraisal system. They will understand different strategic management practices and this will help them to improve performance of appraisal system. Management of companies will get better understanding of the relationship between strategic management in organizations and the performance appraisal system. This will help them to obtain more information on how to establish strategic management practices that will improve performance appraisal system in their organizations.

The findings of this study will also be beneficial to academicians and scholars as it will provide them with relevant literature on strategic management and performance appraisal. It will highlight the relationship between strategic management in organizations and the performance appraisal system. 

Summary

​ Summarily, the study will focus on the impacts of management traits on performance, employee motivation, and job satisfaction. A situational theoretical framework will be applied in the study. The purpose of the research paper is to help management, and organizations to adopt hybrid management styles rather than depending on the existing techniques which may not suit the changing workforce and business environment. The limitations in the study include inadequate time and resources. When conducting the study, the assumption is that management traits have similar impacts on all employees and that organizations will embrace the study's findings.

Chapter 2 – Literature Review Comment by [email protected]: Has to be on a separate page

Strategic management entails finding and describing the methods that managers might employ to boost their company's performance and acquire a competitive advantage. A competitive advantage is defined as an organization's profitability exceeding that of all other firms in its industry (Schmuck, 2020). Preparing for both anticipated and unforeseeable occurrences is the essence of strategic management. It is relevant to both small and large businesses as even the smallest businesses face competition and can gain a competitive edge over time by developing and implementing effective strategies. Employees benefit from strategic management because it gives them a broader perspective on how their job fits into the organization's overall plan and how it relates to other members of the business team. It is the capacity to manage people in a way that maximizes their potential to fulfill business goals (Kombate et al., 2021). Therefore, the main objective of this work is to review the literature on the main concepts of strategic management in an organization. The review of literature is divided into the following parts; (1) the definition of strategic management, (2) the process of strategic management, (3) the components of strategic management, (4)the need for strategic management in an organization (5) emerging issues, (6) gaps in the research and (7) Conceptual framework (8) conclusion. Comment by [email protected]: The scope of your study is:      The study will focus on the relationship between various management traits and their impacts on motivation, job satisfaction, and employee performance therefore your literature review has to cover that as well

Definition of Strategic Management

Managers employ strategy to accomplish one or more of the organization's goals. According to another definition, "a general direction defined for the company and its numerous components toward obtaining a desired state in the future." "Strategy is the result of a comprehensive strategic planning process." In order to attain present goals, a strategy requires merging organizational operations as well as utilizing and allocating finite resources within the organizational environment. Remember that initiatives are not made in a vacuum and that any action taken by a firm is likely to generate a reaction from those that are affected, such as opponents, customers, employees, or suppliers, while formulating a strategy.

Strategy is critical now that it is hard to anticipate the future. Even if they lack perfect foresight, businesses must be prepared to put up with the unpredictable occurrences that make up a business environment (MSG, 2021). It also considers long-term trends rather than daily operations, such as the likelihood of future breakthroughs, new products, new production methods, or new markets. Finally, when establishing a strategy, the expected behavior of customers and competitors is considered. Employee behavior is predicted by employee management practices. As a result, a company's strategy is a very well road plan. It establishes the general mission, vision, and strategy of an organization (Kombate et al., 2021). A strategy's purpose is to maximize an organization's strengths while minimizing the strengths of competitors.

The strategy statements

The strategy statement sets the long-term strategic direction and broad policy directions of an organization. it includes:

1. strategic intent: it is the purpose and the reason why there is a strategy statement, and it continues to exist to maintain a competitive advantage. It helps the management of focus on the priorities of an organization; hence it influences the resource potential of an organization and core competencies to be achieved.

2. Mission Statement: it is the statement of the role by which an organization intends to serve its stakeholders. Provides a framework within which strategies are formulated as it describes reasons why an organization is operating,

3. Vision: it identifies where the organization intends or wants to be in the future and where it should be when it meets all the needs of the stakeholders.

4. Goals and objectives: a goal is desired future state that an organization tries to achieve or a period. What must be done by an organization is specified by goals making mission and vision more prominent and concrete. On the other end, objectives are defined as goals to be achieved by an organization.

Importance of vision and mission statements

The organization must have a lucid, coherent, and meaningful vision and mission statements to return more than double the numbers for the benefit of shareholders. Mission and vision are very beneficial to an organization in many ways, and they include:

• They provide unanimity of purpose to organizations and make the staff feel a sense of belonging and identity.

• They spell out the context in which an organization operates by providing workers with a tone to be followed in the workplace.

• They serve as focal points for employees to identify themselves with an organization's activity. It also gives every individual in an organization a sense of direction as well deterring those who do not wish to follow them from taking part in the activities of an organization.

• Help in translating the objectives of an organization into work structures and assign tasks to organization elements.

• Specify the main structure utilized by an organization when translating objectives into actionable cost, performance, and time-related measures.

• Provide a philosophy of existence to employees as well as provide the necessary meaning for work in an organization.

Conceptual Framework

Strategies management requires an organization to set objectives, analyze the actions of competitors, evaluate its current strategies and confirm them, review internal structure and implement the approved strategies (Pavlák & Písař, 2020). Strategic management can be either be prescriptive or descriptive. Prescriptive strategic management is when an organization develops strategies in advance(Fuertes et al., 2020). Descriptive strategic management is when an organization puts strategies into practice only when needed(Fuertes et al., 2020). However, both descriptive and prescriptive management use management theory and practices.

Therefore, in this study, prescriptive strategic management will be used as a strategic management approach. The objectives of organizations will have to be defined in advance, and the main elements developed before the strategy begins. An organization has to intentionally plan and formulate a deliberate, rational strategy according to its intentions. The approach follows an authoritative management style as well as a top-down hierarchical structure. The process in this approach is linear, i.e., from strategic analysis to development and then to implementation(Fuertes et al., 2020). The approach is an orderly, deterministic, rational, and systematic process. Besides, the prescriptive approach is being used together with a systematic review of the literature. The systematic review of literature is carried out as an appropriate methodology to produce a reliable knowledge inventory. The searching process is limited to published literature, including books, journals, and conference proceedings.

Summary Comment by [email protected]: More work needs to be done with the literature review, I do not see what other research have said on your topic, The purpose of a literature review is to: • Provide foundation of knowledge on topic • Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication and give credit to other researchers • Identify inconstancies: gaps in research, conflicts in previous studies, open questions left from other research • Identify need for additional research (justifying your research) • Identify the relationship of works in context of its contribution to the topic and to other works • Place your own research within the context of existing literature making a case for why further study is needed

Strategic management is a process involving environmental analysis of the organization by its managers to formulate strategies and plans for their implementation. Hence it can be concluded that strategic management involves activities such as analysis of strategies, creation, implementation, and control strategies. It is very important for an organization to understand what its current situation is in order to develop and determine its mission and objectives. Strategies can successfully be deployed by an organization to realize its objective and mission. Strategic management in any organization needs a lot of strategic thinking to help managers recognize the priorities and come up with the best actions necessary in realizing the mission and objectives. Strategy is a very useful concept utilized by managers. Therefore, this paper has discussed strategic management in an organization by defining its main concept as well as the conceptual framework to be used in this research. T

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