The relationship between cystic fibrosis and the reproductive system
Students are required to select a write a short review on a topic of their interest. Students need to use a minimum of 5 references, being at least three of those primary sources, in their review. The main goal of this exercise is to help students understand the evidence that supports our knowledge of pathophysiology. Further instructions are listed on Canvas under that assignment.
1. Topic
The topic needs to relate to pathophysiology. That’s the only requirement. Students can choose the topic according to the preferences. They need to inform the class of their choice, to avoid repetition of topics.
Given the number of references you are asked to use, you are not going to be able to write a review of a broad topic. You are asked thus to choose a specific question within a topic. For example, let’s say that you are interested in hypertension. You will not be able to write a literature review about that topic, with only few references. However, you can write a short review about a specific question about hypertension. For example, use of Thiazides in hypertension. You will need to include at least three primary sources, which means that your presentation needs to include reports of three studies (not reviews). A study in which data were collected; please see below what a primary source is.
2. Primary sources and secondary sources
Students need to include at least three original contributions or also called a primary sources. The remaining references may be reviews or other secondary sources. To better understand this difference, see for example, here: https://guides.library.ucsc.edu/primarysecondary (Links to an external site.) As you will notice a primary source entails data collection, methods, and results.
3. Where do you find articles?
As a UCLA Extension student, unfortunately you do not have access to UCLA’s library resources. Fortunately you can still find some free (open source) articles. Most people prefer using Pubmed or Google Scholar to search for articles related to the medical field.
4. Format
This literature review is supposed to be fun, in the sense that you will be answering a specific question that you have. At the same, it is an exercise in scientific writing, and thus needs to follow a specific format and style. The review will consist of a discussion post (not a powerpoint or word document; it’s a post just like those we use for discussion). There is not word limit, but make efforts to be clear and concise.
- Title. Your post needs to be titled appropriately.
- The presentation needs to include the following sections:
- Introduction/ Overview. In this section, students need to explain the background necessary to understand the research question. Topics that are less obviously connected to the content covered in class will probably require more background.
- Research question. This is a description of the research question.
- Description of each of three primary sources findings. Explain the methods and a main finding. It needs to include at least one picture, table or graph for each primary source. You don’t need to explain everything about a paper. You will need to select what you want to present. Your goal is to teach about its main finding, not to explain all findings.
- Interpretation/ possible implications. Based on the background and results, what is the key message of the article?
- Limitations. Are there any limitations?
- References. You need to include the references regarding any bibliographic sources cited, including for the pictures.
- Test. Prepare at least one question to test your readers’ understanding of your session. It can be a multiple-choice or short answer question.
FAQs ABOUT CONTENT AND FORMAT
1. Is it just a summary of the article?
The simple answer: no. You need to use your own critical thinking to decide what to include and what to leave out. For example, you may prefer to focus on only a portion of the article. You need to make decisions on what you need to explain more or less. For example, you may need to provide background to some of the questions included in the paper. Finally, you need to add your own interpretations and impressions about the results and the study limitations.
2. Can I use other sources?
Yes. You can and most likely should. Please read Resources: Citations and References. It will help you decide when a citation is needed.
3. How old can the article be?
The year of publication is not extremely important. An old article may be still be very relevant. On the other hand, a more recent article may not be the most relevant. As part of your presentation, you need to put the article in perspective in relation to the existing literature; in other words, how does the study fit the existing literature?
4. How can I use APA style if this a discussion post?
You will need to use APA style for all that is applicable, namely headings and subheadings, and overall level of organization, as well as for the figure/ table and graphs captions, and citations.
STYLE FORMAT. You need to follow APA style, 7th edition. You may find more information about this style here: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html (Links to an external site.)
PICTURE. If you have trouble uploading a picture, please see the following:
https://community.canvaslms.com/thread/26688-how-do-i-upload-a-picture-to-a-discussions-board
PEERS’ READING AND TESTING. Once submissions are due, you need to read and answer the questions of two of your peers’ presentations.In addition, you are encouraged ask any clarification questions or make any relevant comments. Please choose presentations you are interested in, but no more than two students can comment on the same presentation so that all presentations receive comments.
REPLYING TO PEERS. Two days after the assignment is due, the presenter needs to address all the questions and show questions’ answers.
CITATIONS AND REFERENCES
1. You can regard as reference as a way of "referring" your reader to the source you used to support your statement.
2. References (i.e., indication the source of support) are essential to scientific writing. They allow readers to know, for example, the source of the information so that they assess the quality of your support. In addition, they can also use that reference to read more about a certain topic.
3. Altogether, for example, for full credit, it is not enough to say ,“This is X”; it is important to explain and support, “This is X because Y and Z as the mentioned in the textbook (p.##).
4. One of the most widely used styles is the APA style. This includes a within-text citation and a reference at the end of what your post.
Example:
It has been shown that the quality of our friendships plays a role in our social development (Berndt, 2002).
References
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10.
5. For the purposes of our discussion, whenever we cite the textbook, we will need to include page numbers.
For more information
For within-text citation:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html (Links to an external site.)
For references:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html (Links to an external site.)
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples (Links to an external site.)
GRADING.
Both content and format will be factored in to assess your grade.Successful presentations are informative, clear and concise, including only enough to make the point of view clear. Students need to make sure they demonstrate critical thinking. deciding very carefully what to include and what to leave out.
In addition, you need to keep in mind this is a teaching exercise and thus you need to use strategies that will help you reader learn.
Finally, for full grade peer’s reading and testing and replying to peers need to be completed.
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