any article topic is fine

• • Instructions

    Choose an article to analyze and develop a 1000-word rhetorical analysis that examines the rhetorical appeals used and offers whether or not the rhetorical appeals have been used well in order to convince the target audience.

    To this end, first identify the target audience and provide a short summary of the argument the writer is making. In other words, in the introduction or first body paragraph, answer the questions: who are they trying to convince, and what is it that they are trying to convince them of?

    Process

    In order to develop your analysis, you need to look through a rhetorical lens. You must, for instance, evoke and mention the rhetorical terms explicitly: pathos, logos, ethos, kairos, audience, purpose, and genre.

    As you are tasked analyzing the rhetorical aspects of the text, your essay should be about the strategic use of rhetorical appeals and persuasive power of the particular text and not about the content itself.

    Focus on HOW it works, not simply WHAT it conveys; discuss how the use of rhetorical appeals determines the effectiveness of the argument and dont get distracted into arguing passionately a particular position or extolling the beauty/creativity of the article! To complete the essay successfully, you will need to discuss specific and concrete elements of the article.

    Invention 

    Before you begin writing the essay, write out your answers to following questions.

    • Describe all the elements of the article in as much concrete detail as possible.
    • What do you think is the overall argument and purpose of the article?
    • What is the purpose(s) of the argument?
    • How does the writer want the audience to think and/or act differently having read the article?
    • Who do you think is the audience of the article?
    • What prompted the argument? That is, why did the writer take the time to produce this particular article at the particular time s/he did?
    • What rhetorical appeals operate in this text (list each one in turn)?
    • What are the effects of these rhetorical appeals on the persuasiveness of the article?
    • What is the primary claim, and what are the supporting claims in the article?
    • What type of support is used: appeals, evidence, examples?
    • What counterarguments or concessions are made in the article?

    Thesis, Body, and Conclusion

  • Finally, write your introduction, paragraphs, and conclusion. Following are a few tips for each.

    Introduction: An introduction should lead cleanly into your argument. If your argument involves an authors stance on the introduction death penalty, you might begin by giving factual data and/or the history of the death penalty. Remember that your argument begins with the first words of your paper. Your introduction should provide background that will make the reader see your arguments relevance.

    Body paragraphs: Each body paragraph should have its own topic sentence. Make sure every idea or sentence in a paragraph relates to its topic sentence; you dont want to jump between topics. It gives your paper a sense of cohesion to place your body paragraphs in the same order in which theyre presented in your introduction. Consider how you will organize the paragraphs. Will you discuss each techniqueevery instance of ethos, then every instance of pathos, and finally every instance of logosthen end with a discussion of the overall effectiveness? Or will you review the essay in terms of the least effective technique to the most effective? Or will you use a chronological order, discussing each technique as it occurs sequentially? For the Nacirema paper, for example, the first paragraph could focus on the academic tone, the second on diction, and the third on common ground.

    For each paragraph, give several examples and explain how those examples illustrate the technique being discussed. At the end of each body paragraph, make sure you connect your topic sentence back to your thesis. This creates cohesion, solidifies your argument, and provides a transition to your next topic.

    Conclusion: Your conclusion should briefly restate your main argument. It should then apply your argument on a higher level. Why does your argument matter? What does it mean in the real world? For example, the conclusion of the rhetorical analysis of the Nacirema article may point out Miners underlying message of tolerance and appreciation of other cultures and how his authorial choices influenced the delivery of that message.

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