Discussion about Quantitative evaluations
ALL THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE WITH THIS ASSIGNMENT IS TO WRITE ONE ANSWER POST UNDER THESE TWO DISCUSSIONS. IT CAN BE WRITTEN ONTHE SAME PAGE.
In response to two of your peers, identify potential threats to the validity of the research example. If the study can still be considered valid, how might the results be used to change nursing practice?
FIRST DISCUSSION
5-1 Discussion: Quantitative Evaluations
Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data. The numerical data may be employed in finding patterns, averages and make predictions or test relationships within components of a wider population. Wong et al., 2018 employed the causal-comparative research design to examine the extent to which hospital costs vary across physicians and physician characteristics. Causal-comparative research aims at identifying a relationship between a dependent and independent variable. The relationship is often suggested since the researcher does not have complete control over the independent variable. One of the pros of the research design is its relevance in behavioral researches where the variables cannot be altered. On the other hand, the use of the research design is limited as the independent variables may not be manipulated, and the causes are often multiple and complex rather than single and simple (Polit & Beck 2021). Scientists often prefer using other methods where a change in variable A causes a change in variable B in creating a consistent relationship.
Statistical conclusions can shape what people think regarding a certain topic. In most cases, it is difficult to change what people already know hence the need to perform research based on what is already known by most of the people. Validity is defined as the accuracy of a measure; that is, do the results present what they are supposed to measure? On the other hand, reliability may be defined as the consistency of a measure; that is, can the results be similar under the same conditions at a different time? Valid and reliable data have the advantage of being generalized (Mohajan 2017). Generalized research conclusions mean they can be used in every aspect associated with the issue at hand. Researchers should always aim at coming up with valid and reliable measures when performing their research. In this way, the results received from their pieces of research may be termed as evidence based.
References
Mohajan, H. K. (2017). Two criteria for good measurements in research: Validity and reliability. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 17(4), 59-82.
Polit, D. F., Hungler, B. P., & Beck, C. T. (2021). Essentials of nursing research. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins..
Wong, H., Karaca, Z., & Gibson, T. B. (2018). A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 55, 0046958018800906.
SECOND DISCUSSION
The article I chose to use was Intensive care unit nurse satisfaction with medication management before and after introduction of an electronic medication management system.
Quantitive research as defined in our reading is a “formal, objective, systematic process used to describe variables, test relationships between them and examine cause and effect associations between variables”. Quantitive research is normally numerical data and used to test a hypothesis. The study mentioned above surveyed nurses in 4 different ICU units before and after the Electronic Medication Management System (EMMS) was implemented.
This was a descriptive, quasi-experimental quantitative study. Two surveys were used before and 6 months after EMMS was introduced. 328 surveys were sent out before and after with a return of 120 and 115. Advantages to this form of study is that, surveys are generally easy to fill out. Disadvantage would be that a lot can happen in 6 months, did the nurses filling out the “after” survey work there previously? Did they experience working there when it was a paper system. Also ICU nurses generally have 1 or 2 patients, would this survey show an even higher number in increased use of ease and safety in an emergency department or medical surgical unit? Since all units surveyed were basically the same this studies findings are biased for that particular patient population.
Statistical conclusions, validity and reliability are important when it comes to evidence based practice. In healthcare changes to how we do things are usually implemented after studies prove that this new way, is better, more safe, has beneficial outcomes etc. If the results aren’t valid or reliable we can not utilize them to implement newer policy or practice.
References
SANTIAGO, C., SMITH, O., BUTORAC, E., LEWIS, E., MUSTARD, M., POON, L., & WILSON, G. (2020). Intensive care unit nurse satisfaction with medication management before and after introduction of an electronic medication management system. Canadian Journal of Critical Care Nursing, 31(2), 2028.
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