Mark is the newest member

PHIL 347 Final exam

Question 1.1. (TCOs 1, 2) Determine whether the following passage is an argument.

Mark is the newest member of the requisitions department. The requisitions department oversees the purchasing of all goods, services, and capital equipment for the entire company. (Points : 5)

Argument

Not an argument because there are no claims or only one claim

Not an argument because none of the claims offers a reason for the other

Not an argument because the reasons explain rather than prove the other claims

 

 

Question 2.2. (TCOs 1, 2) Determine whether the following passage is an argument.

Either you are planning to vote in the fall election or you don’t really want to improve the politics of the local community. (Points : 5)

Argument

Not an argument because there are no claims or only one claim

Not an argument because none of the claims offers a reason for the other

Not an argument because the reasons explain rather than prove the other claims

 

 

Question 3.3. (TCOs 2, 3) Choose the best answer.

Don’t drive over the speed limit. It’s against the law. You don’t want a speeding ticket.

Which of the following claims represents the conclusion of this argument? (Points : 5)

Driving over the speed limit is against the law.

You don’t want a speeding ticket.

You should not drive over the speed limit.

 

 

Question 4.4. (TCOs 2, 3) Choose the best answer.

Healthy. Delicious. Drink Ovaltine!

Which of the following claims represents the implied conclusion of this argument? (Points : 5)

Ovaltine is healthy.

Ovaltine is delicious

You should drink Ovaltine.

None; this is not an argument.

 

 

Question 5.5. (TCOs 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.

Using a lemon when cooking is like using a lime. Given that limes can be added to bland foods to give them some zest, lemons, too, will give zest to bland foods.(Points : 5)

Analogical argument

Categorical argument

Truth-functional argument

Causal argument

 

 

Question 6.6. (TCOs 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.

Unemployment is probably rising throughout most California counties, for the reason that it has been rising in Kern and Los Angeles counties. (Points : 5)

Truth-functional argument

Analogical argument

Categorical argument

Inductive generalization

 

 

Question 7.7. (TCO 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.

Learning to think critically is like learning to play the piano. Given that you have to practice a lot to be good at playing the piano, you must practice a lot to be a critical thinker. (Points : 5)

Causal argument

Truth-functional argument

Inductive generalization

Analogical argument

 

 

Question 8.8. (TCOs 2, 3, 5) Relate to the proper terminology.

What evaluative language should you use for inductive generalizations? (Points : 5)

Valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent

Valid/invalid; sound/unsound

Strong/weak; cogent/uncogent

Strong/weak; sound/unsound

 

 

Question 9.9. (TCOs 2, 3, 5) Relate to the proper terminology.

What evaluative language should you use for categorical arguments? (Points : 5)

Valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent

Valid/invalid; sound/unsound

Strong/weak; cogent/uncogent

Strong/weak; sound/unsound

 

 

Question 10.10. (TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper standard form for the following statement.

Whenever the phone rings, the dog barks. (Points : 5)

All times that the dog barks are times the phone rings.

All times that the phone rings are times that the dog barks.

Some of the times the phone rings are times that the dog barks.

 

 

Question 11.11. (TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper standard form for the following statement.

Only students are allowed access to the recreation center. (Points : 5)

Some people who are allowed access to the recreations center are students.

All people who are allowed access to the recreation center are students.

All people who are allowed access to the recreations center are not students.

 

 

Question 12.12. (21. (TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper standard form for the following statement.

If you want to be a nursing major, then you must take an anatomy class. (Points : 5)

Valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent

Valid/invalid; sound/unsound

All people who want to be nursing majors are people who must take an anatomy class.

Strong/weak; sound/unsound

 

 

Question 13.13. (TCO 4) Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.

You cannot enter the chess tournament (C) unless you are ranked (R). (Points : 5)

R • ~ C

C ? R

~ C ? R

~ R ? ~ C

 

 

Question 14.14. (TCO 4) Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.

Neither a sculpture (S) nor a painting (P) will be exhibited in the new gallery. (Points : 5)

S • P

~ (S • P)

~ S ? ~ P

~ (S ? P)

 

 

Question 15.15. (TCOs 3, 5) Which inductive generalization is stronger? (Points : 5)

In a psychology class experiment to determine how many students suffer from test anxiety, student researchers visited three freshman-level courses and had students fill out survey questionnaires. Because 53% of respondents admitted to having test anxiety, it’s safe to conclude that about half of all students on campus have test anxiety.

In a psychology class experiment to determine how many students suffer from test anxiety, student researchers visited one freshman-level course, one sophomore-level course, and one senior course and had students fill out survey questionnaires. Because 53% of respondents admitted to having test anxiety, it’s safe to conclude that about half of all students on campus have test anxiety.

 

 

Question 16.16. (TCOs 3, 5) Which analogical argument is stronger? (Points : 5)

Grease, oil, road tar, and paint thinner are all flammable. Thus, paint thinner is a refined product because grease, oil, and road tar are refined products.

Grease, oil, and paint thinner are all flammable. Thus, paint thinner is a refined product since grease and oil are refined products.

 

 

Question 17.17. (TCOs 3, 5) Which causal argument is stronger? (Points : 5)

Three local coffee houses have experienced an uptick in business this quarter. The cause of this welcome change appears to be the new poetry reading events each has added.

Three local coffee houses have experienced an uptick in business this quarter. The cause of this welcome change appears to be the new poetry reading events each has added. Because the poetry readings are the only possible cause all three coffee houses have in common, it must have been the cause.

 

 

Question 18.18. (TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.

The Chinese government should encourage freedom of speech because doing so would be a good idea. (Points : 5)

Begging the question

Appeal to ignorance

Strawman

No fallacy committed

 

 

Question 19.19. (TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.

Second Amendment fans oppose every effort the government makes to restrict or regulate the sale of guns and ammunition, but how can they defend the view that the government has no role to play in our society? Think about it for a minute: Don’t we need government to defend our borders? Don’t we need government to regulate food and drugs? (Points : 5)

Strawman

Begging the question

No fallacy committed

Red herring

 

 

Question 20.20. (TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.

Hi, I’m Nick Jonas. Music inspires creativity and keeps kids in school, but there are thousands of kids without musical education. Don’t let our music be silenced! Check out VH1 Save the Music. (Points : 5)

No fallacy committed

Ad hominem

Appeal to illegitimate authority

Begging the question

 

In the following argument, identify either the extra claims, or express the implied claim.

 

(1) If you want to be sure the country is headed in the right direction,(2) you need to vote for the best candidate this November.(3) I believe the election is on the eighth this year.

 

 

2. (TCO 2) In the following argument, identify either the extra claims, or express the implied claim.

 

 

 

3. (TCOs 3, 5) Describe the two styles of reasoning. What are some key differences between the two? (Points : 10)

 

Question 4.4. (TCOs 3, 5) Discuss the three steps to follow when trying to distinguish between kinds of deductive arguments.(Points : 15)

 

 

 

 

Question 5.5. (TCO 4) Considering only truth-functional claims, what are the four connectors? Describe what needs to happen in a truth table to demonstrate an argument is valid. (Points : 15)

 

 

Question 6.6. (TCO 5) When evaluating analogical arguments, you need to consider three things. What are those things, and how do they need to be considered? (Points : 15)

 

Question 7.7. (TCO 5) In Chapter 10, the authors discuss two methods for demonstrating that one event caused another. Name those methods, and briefly describe how each provides this demonstration of cause. (Points : 10)

 

 

Question 8.8. (TCO 7) Chapter 12 discusses six steps to creating an argumentative paper. Briefly list those six steps, and mention at least one important item to be covered in each step. (Points : 25)

 

 

Question 9.9. (TCO 7) Write a short essay (200–400 words) on

 

whether torture is ever acceptable.

 

Be sure to introduce your fallacy free-argument and provide at least one supportive point, one legitimate objection, your assessment of that objection, and a summary of your argument. Include documentation, and have clear paragraphs. (Points : 40)

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